Background 

The uptake of cancer screening is significantly associated with participants’ health beliefs about cancer screening. Scales measuring health beliefs of cancer screening are available; however, the scales that were developed and validated for the US population may lack cultural appropriateness, which could compromise the reliability and validity of the scales when applied to different ethnic groups or populations.

Objective 

The aim of this study was to summarize, analyze, and compare the methods used in the cross-cultural instrument adaptation and validation processes of health beliefs about cancer screening.

Methods 

A systematic review design with narrative methods was used. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, were searched.

Results 

A total of 18 articles were eligible. Results showed (1) the translation methods included committee translation and back translation, which were further refined by using professional translators, using professional interpreters and/or involving the first author, using bilingual individuals, and involving bilingual investigators; (2) the modification methods included embedded and afterward modification; and (3) the validation methods included testing construct validity, internal consistency reliability, item-total subscale correlations, test-retest reliability, content validity, predictive validity, and face validity.

Conclusions 

Back translation and afterward modification were most frequently used for translating existing instruments to another language. Validity and reliability were most frequently established by construct validity, content validity, face validity, predictive validity, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and item-total subscale correlation after instruments were translated.

Implications for Practice 

Clinicians should evaluate the translation and adaptation process for translated versions of instruments before using them to provide culturally appropriate and sensitive care.

中文翻译：

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关于癌症筛查的健康信念的跨文化工具适应和验证：方法学系统评价

背景 

癌症筛查的接受程度与参与者对癌症筛查的健康信念显着相关。测量癌症筛查的健康信念的量表可用；然而，为美国人群开发和验证的量表可能缺乏文化适宜性，这可能会影响量表在应用于不同种族或人群时的可靠性和有效性。

客观的 

本研究的目的是总结、分析和比较在癌症筛查的健康信念的跨文化工具适应和验证过程中使用的方法。

方法 

采用叙述方法的系统评价设计。检索了包括 PubMed、Google Scholar、CINAHL 和 PsycINFO 在内的电子数据库。

结果 

共有 18 篇文章符合条件。结果表明：（1）翻译方法包括委员会翻译和回译，通过使用专业翻译人员、使用专业口译员和/或第一作者参与、使用双语个人和双语研究者参与进一步细化；（二）修改方式包括嵌入修改和后修改；(3)验证方法包括测试结构效度、内部一致性信度、项目总分量表相关性、重测信度、内容效度、预测效度和表面效度。

结论 

反向翻译和后期修改最常用于将现有乐器翻译成另一种语言。效度和信度最常通过工具翻译后的结构效度、内容效度、表面效度、预测效度、内部一致性信度、重测信度和项目-总分量表相关性来确定。

对实践的启示 

临床医生应在使用它们提供文化上适当和敏感的护理之前评估翻译版本的仪器的翻译和改编过程。