ABSTRACT

Introduction

Rotavirus is the primary cause of severe acute gastroenteritis among children under the age of five globally, leading to 128,500 to 215,000 vaccine-preventable deaths annually. There are six licensed oral, live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines: four vaccines pre-qualified for global use by WHO, and two country-specific vaccines. Expansion of rotavirus vaccines into national immunization programs worldwide has led to a 59% decrease in rotavirus hospitalizations and 36% decrease in diarrhea deaths due to rotavirus in vaccine-introducing countries.

Areas covered

This review describes the current rotavirus vaccines in use, global coverage, vaccine efficacy from clinical trials, and vaccine effectiveness and impact from post-licensure evaluations. Vaccine safety, particularly as it relates to the risk of intussusception, is also summarized. Additionally, an overview of candidate vaccines in the pipeline is provided.

Expert opinion

Considerable evidence over the past decade has demonstrated high effectiveness (80–90%) of rotavirus vaccines at preventing severe rotavirus disease in high-income countries, although the effectiveness has been lower (40–70%) in low-to-middle-income countries. Surveillance and research should continue to explore modifiable factors that influence vaccine effectiveness, strengthen data to better evaluate newer rotavirus vaccines, and aid in the development of future vaccines that can overcome the limitations of current vaccines.

中文翻译：

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轮状病毒疫苗：进展和新进展

 抽象的

 介绍

轮状病毒是全球五岁以下儿童严重急性胃肠炎的主要原因，每年导致 128,500 至 215,000 例疫苗可预防的死亡。有六种获得许可的口服减毒活轮状病毒疫苗：四种疫苗已通过世卫组织预审资格，可供全球使用，两种疫苗针对特定国家。将轮状病毒疫苗扩大到全球国家免疫规划后，在疫苗引进国家，轮状病毒住院人数减少了 59%，轮状病毒引起的腹泻死亡人数减少了 36%。

 涵盖领域

本综述描述了当前使用的轮状病毒疫苗、全球覆盖范围、临床试验的疫苗功效以及许可后评估的疫苗有效性和影响。还总结了疫苗安全性，特别是与肠套叠风险相关的疫苗安全性。此外，还提供了正在研发的候选疫苗的概述。

 专家意见

过去十年的大量证据表明，轮状病毒疫苗在高收入国家预防严重轮状病毒病方面具有很高的有效性（80-90%），但在中低收入国家的有效性较低（40-70%）国家。监测和研究应继续探索影响疫苗有效性的可改变因素，加强数据以更好地评估新型轮状病毒疫苗，并帮助开发能够克服现有疫苗局限性的未来疫苗。