Respondeat superior liability permits the criminal prosecution of a corporation for the crimes of its employees absent proof of corporate ratification or involvement of corporate officers. As the doctrine currently stands, a corporation may be held criminally responsible for conduct that it specifically prohibited and that its employee went to great lengths to conceal. Evidence that a corporation took all reasonable steps to prevent the misconduct through a robust compliance program, for example, is simply irrelevant to the question of liability.

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关心企业“应有的注意”：为什么刑事回应优越责任延伸其正当性

Respondeat 上级责任允许在没有公司批准或公司高管参与的情况下对其员工的犯罪行为提起刑事诉讼。按照目前的原则，公司可能要为其明确禁止的行为以及其员工竭尽全力隐瞒的行为承担刑事责任。例如，公司采取一切合理措施通过健全的合规计划防止不当行为的证据与责任问题完全无关。