This paper aims to explore the association between discrepancies in land rights and actual practices on the one hand and farmers’ intentions to increase agricultural production on the other hand. We use farm-level data collected during a survey conducted in 2019 in southern Kazakhstan and eastern Uzbekistan and compare perceptions with land legislations of both countries. Comparative analysis of tenure conditions revealed that Kazakh farmers are less restricted in land use than Uzbek farmers. Moreover, insufficient law enforcement allows Kazakh farmers to violate existing restrictions on land transferability. Uzbek farmers tend to underuse their rights in such crucial issues as income generating and withdrawal of products from the land; the reason lies in inconsistency between land code and supplementary decrees for strategic crops. Our empirical findings show that mismatches between land rights on paper and perceived land rights − that might be the violation of law restrictions or incomplete use of land rights − generally reduces farmers’ willingness to increase production.

本文旨在探讨一方面土地权利与实际做法的差异与另一方面农民增加农业产量的意图之间的关联。我们使用 2019 年在哈萨克斯坦南部和乌兹别克斯坦东部进行的一项调查中收集的农场级数据，并将看法与两国的土地立法进行比较。权属条件的比较分析表明，哈萨克农民在土地使用方面的限制比乌兹别克农民要少。此外，执法不力导致哈萨克农民违反现有的土地转让限制。乌兹别克农民往往在创收和从土地上提取产品等关键问题上未充分利用他们的权利；原因在于土地法与战略作物的补充法令不一致。