This paper aims to explore the association between discrepancies in land rights and actual practices on the one hand and farmers’ intentions to increase agricultural production on the other hand. We use farm-level data collected during a survey conducted in 2019 in southern Kazakhstan and eastern Uzbekistan and compare perceptions with land legislations of both countries. Comparative analysis of tenure conditions revealed that Kazakh farmers are less restricted in land use than Uzbek farmers. Moreover, insufficient law enforcement allows Kazakh farmers to violate existing restrictions on land transferability. Uzbek farmers tend to underuse their rights in such crucial issues as income generating and withdrawal of products from the land; the reason lies in inconsistency between land code and supplementary decrees for strategic crops. Our empirical findings show that mismatches between land rights on paper and perceived land rights − that might be the violation of law restrictions or incomplete use of land rights − generally reduces farmers’ willingness to increase production.

中文翻译：

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实践如何与中亚的土地法相匹配？


本文旨在一方面探讨土地权利与实际做法的差异与农民增加农业生产的意愿之间的关系。我们使用 2019 年在哈萨克斯坦南部和乌兹别克斯坦东部进行的一项调查中收集的农场层面数据，并将看法与两国的土地立法进行比较。对权属条件的比较分析表明，哈萨克农民在土地利用方面的限制比乌兹别克斯坦农民少。此外，执法不力使得哈萨克斯坦农民违反了现有的土地转让限制。乌兹别克斯坦农民在创收和从土地上提取产品等关键问题上往往未充分利用自己的权利；原因在于土地法和战略作物补充法令不一致。我们的实证研究结果表明，纸面上的土地权利与感知的土地权利之间的不匹配（可能是违反法律限制或土地权利的不完全使用）通常会降低农民增加产量的意愿。