Advances over the past decade have improved our understanding of the role of sphingolipid in the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Much attention has been paid to ceramide derived molecules, especially glucocerebroside, and little on sphingomyelin, a critical molecule for brain physiopathology. Sphingomyelin has been proposed to be involved in PD due to its presence in the myelin sheath and for its role in nerve impulse transmission, in presynaptic plasticity, and in neurotransmitter receptor localization. The analysis of sphingomyelin-metabolizing enzymes, the development of specific inhibitors, and advanced mass spectrometry have all provided insight into the signaling mechanisms of sphingomyelin and its implications in Parkinson’s disease. This review describes in vitro and in vivo studies with often conflicting results. We focus on the synthesis and degradation enzymes of sphingomyelin, highlighting the genetic risks and the molecular alterations associated with Parkinson’s disease.

中文翻译：

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鞘磷脂在帕金森病中的多重作用

过去十年的进展提高了我们对鞘脂在帕金森病发病和进展中作用的理解。神经酰胺衍生分子，尤其是葡萄糖脑苷脂，受到了很多关注，而对脑生理病理学的关键分子鞘磷脂却很少关注。由于鞘磷脂存在于髓鞘中，并且在神经冲动传递、突触前可塑性和神经递质受体定位中的作用，已提出鞘磷脂参与 PD。对鞘磷脂代谢酶的分析、特定抑制剂的开发和先进的质谱分析都为鞘磷脂的信号传导机制及其在帕金森病中的意义提供了见解。这篇综述描述了经常相互矛盾的结果的体外和体内研究。