Cancer is still a major threat for human life, and the cancer immunotherapy can be more optimized to prolong life. However, the effect of immunotherapy is not encouraging. In order to achieve outstanding immune effect, it is necessary to strengthen antigens uptake of antigen presenting cells. Adjuvants were added to vaccines to achieve this purpose, which could be divided into two types: as an immunostimulatory molecule, the innate immunities of the body were triggered; or as a delivery carrier, and antigens were cross-delivery through the “cytoplasmic pathway” and released at a specific location. This paper reviewed the relevant research status of tumor vaccine immune adjuvants in recent years. Among the review, the function, combination strategies and derivatives of lipid A were discussed in detail. In addition, some suggestions on the existing problems and research direction of lipids as tumor vaccine adjuvants were put forward.

癌症仍然是人类生命的一大威胁，癌症免疫疗法可以更加优化以延长生命。然而，免疫疗法的效果并不令人鼓舞。为了达到突出的免疫效果，必须加强抗原呈递细胞对抗原的摄取。疫苗中加入佐剂以达到这一目的，可分为两类：作为免疫刺激分子，触发机体的先天免疫；或作为递送载体，与抗原通过“细胞质途径”交叉递送并在特定位置释放。本文综述了近年来肿瘤疫苗免疫佐剂的相关研究现状。综述中详细讨论了脂质A的功能、组合策略和衍生物。此外，