Traditional filtration media composed of fibers with sizes on the micrometer scale have difficulty filtering particles a little smaller than 300 nm. Even though nanofibrous materials are able to capture these particles and can have excellent filtration efficiency, their widespread use continues to be inhibited by several obstacles, particularly an excessive pressure drop and the inability to form self-supporting filtration membranes. We have prepared two types of composite materials, namely an ultra-thin nanofibrous layer made of polyurethane or nylon with various fiber diameters and pore areas. Scanning electron microscopy was used for their characterization. The nanofibrous layer was deposited directly onto a traditional melt-blown polypropylene filtration fabric with a very low area weight of 30 g/m², which facilitates handling and bypasses the need for the layer to be self-supporting. Moreover, a fine polyethylene mesh was added as a separate layer to prevent humidity from passing through the filtration material as well as to cover fabrics. The filtration efficiency and the pressure drop of the prepared materials were determined. The results showed that the incorporation of a nylon nanofibrous layer with smaller fiber diameters and pore areas leads to a significant increase in the filtration efficiency (92%) against the most penetrating particles, the critical size of which decreased to 50 nm, while the pressure drop was comparable to the pressure drop of a commercially available FFP2 respirator. The prepared filtration material could be used to manufacture respirators.

由微米级纤维组成的传统过滤介质难以过滤略小于 300 nm 的颗粒。尽管纳米纤维材料能够捕获这些颗粒并具有出色的过滤效率，但它们的广泛使用继续受到一些障碍的抑制，特别是过大的压降和无法形成自支撑过滤膜。我们制备了两种复合材料，即由聚氨酯或尼龙制成的具有不同纤维直径和孔隙面积的超薄纳米纤维层。使用扫描电子显微镜对其进行表征。纳米纤维层直接沉积在传统的熔喷聚丙烯过滤织物上，其面积重量非常低，仅为 30 g/m ²，这有助于处理并绕过层自支撑的需要。此外，还添加了细聚乙烯网作为单独的层，以防止湿气通过过滤材料以及覆盖织物。测定所制备材料的过滤效率和压降。结果表明，掺入具有较小纤维直径和孔面积的尼龙纳米纤维层可显着提高过滤效率（92%），过滤效率最高的颗粒，其临界尺寸降低至 50 nm，而压力压降与市售 FFP2 呼吸器的压降相当。制备的过滤材料可用于制造呼吸器。