Coastal storms cause widespread damage to property, infrastructure, economic activity, and the environment. Along open sandy coastlines, two of the primary coastal storm hazards are coastal flooding by elevated ocean water levels and beach erosion as the result of storm wave action. At continental margins characterized by a shallow, wide continental shelf, coastal storms are more commonly associated with amplified storm surge and the damaging impacts caused by flooding of low-lying land. In contrast, along margins where the continental shelf is narrow and deep, coastal storm impacts are more often characterized by beach erosion, due to the typically lower magnitude of storm surge but a higher proportion of deepwater wave energy reaching the shoreline. A new Storm Hazard Matrix is presented that integrates these two distinct but inherently linked open coast hazards. The approach is based on the combination of two hazard scales. The first is a ‘coastal flooding hazard scale’ that follows an established framework in which hazards are predominately driven by the vertical increase in ocean water levels during storms and any significant morphological changes caused by the storm are inferred. The second is a storm wave ‘beach erosion hazard scale’ where hazards are predominately determined by the horizontal recession of the sandy beach and dune without necessarily large increases in water levels. The resulting framework comprises a total of sixteen unique combinations of flooding/erosion storm hazard regimes, each potentially requiring different disaster risk reduction approaches. Real-world application of the Storm Hazard Matrix is explored at contrasting coastlines for two major storm events, encompassing an extratropical cyclone that impacted the coastline of southeast Australia in June 2016, and a large hurricane (Hurricane Ivan) that impacted the Gulf Coast of the United States in 2004. The new approach identifies and distinguishes between the severity of localized coastal flooding and/or coastal erosion, and also provides enhanced insight to the nature, magnitude and alongshore variation of coastal storm hazards along the impacted coastline. Within the context of disaster risk reduction, preparedness and operational early warning, implementation of the Storm Hazard Matrix has the potential to deliver robust evaluations of storm hazards spanning a wider variety of both wave-dominated and surge-dominated coasts.

沿海风暴对财产、基础设施、经济活动和环境造成广泛破坏。沿着开阔的沙质海岸线，两个主要的沿海风暴危害是海水水位升高造成的沿海洪水和风暴浪作用造成的海滩侵蚀。在以浅而宽的大陆架为特征的大陆边缘，沿海风暴更常与放大的风暴潮和低洼土地洪水造成的破坏性影响有关。相比之下，在大陆架狭窄而深的边缘，沿海风暴的影响通常以海滩侵蚀为特征，因为风暴潮的强度通常较低，但到达海岸线的深水波浪能量比例较高。提出了一个新的风暴危害矩阵，它整合了这两种不同但内在联系的开放海岸危害。该方法基于两个危险等级的组合。第一个是“沿海洪水灾害等级”，它遵循一个既定的框架，其中灾害主要是由风暴期间海水水位的垂直上升驱动的，并且推断出风暴引起的任何显着的形态变化。第二个是风暴波“海滩侵蚀危害等级”，其中危害主要由沙滩和沙丘的水平衰退决定，而水位不一定大幅增加。由此产生的框架包括总共 16 种独特的洪水/侵蚀风暴灾害制度组合，每种都可能需要不同的减少灾害风险的方法。风暴危害矩阵的实际应用在对比海岸线的两个主要风暴事件中进行了探索，包括 2016 年 6 月影响澳大利亚东南部海岸线的温带气旋和影响墨西哥湾沿岸的大型飓风（伊万飓风）。美国于 2004 年。新方法识别并区分了局部沿海洪水和/或海岸侵蚀的严重程度，还提供了对沿受影响海岸线沿海风暴灾害的性质、规模和沿岸变化的深入了解。在减少灾害风险、备灾和业务预警的背景下，风暴危害矩阵的实施有可能对涵盖范围更广的波浪主导和浪涌主导的海岸的风暴危害进行强有力的评估。