The advantages of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite include low-latency communications, shorter positioning time, higher positioning accuracy, and lower launching, building, and maintenance costs. Thus, the introduction of LEO satellite constellation as a regional navigation augmentation system for the current navigation constellations is studied in this paper. To achieve the navigation performance requirement with the least system cost, a synthetic approach is presented to design and deploy a cost-efficient LEO navigation augmentation constellation over 108 key cities. To achieve lower construction costs, the constellation is designed to be deployed by constrained piggyback launches, which brings additional complexity to the constellation design. Two optimization models with discrete and continuous performance indices are established. They are solved by the genetic algorithm and differential evolution algorithm, and both Walker and Flower constellations are adopted. Results for 77 and 70 satellites are obtained. During the construction phase, a synthesis procedure containing five impulses is proposed by utilizing natural drift under perturbation. This work presents a method for designing the optimal LEO navigation constellation under a constraint deployment approach with the lowest construction cost and a strategy to deploy the constellation economically.

中文翻译：

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受限部署方式下的低成本低轨导航增强星座设计

低地球轨道（LEO）卫星的优势包括低延迟通信、更短的定位时间、更高的定位精度以及更低的发射、建造和维护成本。因此，本文研究了引入低轨卫星星座作为当前导航星座的区域导航增强系统。为了以最少的系统成本实现导航性能要求，提出了一种综合方法，在 108 个重点城市设计和部署具有成本效益的 LEO 导航增强星座。为了降低建设成本，该星座设计为通过受限搭载发射进行部署，这给星座设计带来了额外的复杂性。建立了离散和连续两种性能指标的优化模型。采用遗传算法和差分进化算法求解，采用Walker和Flower星座。获得了 77 颗和 70 颗卫星的结果。在施工阶段，利用自然漂移提出了一个包含五个脉冲的合成程序。扰动。这项工作提出了一种在约束部署方法下以最低的建设成本设计最优 LEO 导航星座的方法和一种经济地部署星座的策略。