Introduction

Agricultural commodities contaminated by molds and mycotoxins can be considered as public health problems in less developed countries, particularly in Iran. Hence the main purpose of this study was to identify mold fungi and molecular analysis of the most important species of aflatoxin-B1-producing Aspergillus species in some dried nuts and grains in local markets in Tehran.

Materials and methods

Two hundred fifty samples of wheat, rice, corn, pistachios, and peanuts were collected from the five different locations of Tehran between January 2018 and January 2019. The samples were analyzed by using direct seed inoculation method and grain crushing method. Fungal strains were identified as Aspergillus spp. on the basis of morphological characters and further confirmed by using of β-tubulin gene sequencing. To differentiate between aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp., the isolates were screened for the presence of aflatoxigenic genes (nor-1, ver-1, omtA, and aflR).

Results

One-handed forty-eight aflatoxigenic Aspergillus isolates (144 A. flavus and 4 A. parasiticus) were identified and aflR gene was the most frequent gene in these species. Five isolates (4 A. flavus, 1 A. parasiticus) had quadruplet pattern, 64 isolates (63 A. flavus, 1 A. parasiticus) had more than 1 gene and 39 isolates (38 A. flavus,1 A. parasiticus) did not have any genes.

Conclusion

According to the contamination of dried nuts and grains by some aflatoxigenic fungi, an extensive surveillance is necessary to provide a wider view on these products. Moreover, effective and efficient aflatoxin control program requires identifying and managing key elements that are effective in reducing mycotoxin production at farm level or in storage conditions.

中文翻译：

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从伊朗德黑兰采集的干坚果和谷物中产生黄曲霉毒素的曲霉属的分子鉴定

介绍

在欠发达国家，尤其是伊朗，被霉菌和霉菌毒素污染的农产品可被视为公共卫生问题。因此，本研究的主要目的是鉴定霉菌真菌，并对德黑兰当地市场的一些干坚果和谷物中最重要的产黄曲霉毒素 B1 的曲霉物种进行分子分析。

材料和方法

2018 年 1 月至 2019 年 1 月期间，从德黑兰的五个不同地点采集了 250 份小麦、大米、玉米、开心果和花生样品。采用直接种子接种法和谷物粉碎法对样品进行分析。真菌菌株被鉴定为曲霉属。在形态学特征的基础上，利用β-微管蛋白基因测序进一步证实。为了区分产生黄曲霉毒素和非产生黄曲霉毒素的曲霉属，筛选分离株中是否存在产生黄曲霉毒素的基因（nor-1、ver-1、omtA和aflR）。

结果

单手鉴定了 48 株产生黄曲霉毒素的曲霉（144 株黄曲霉和 4株寄生曲霉），并且aflR基因是这些物种中最常见的基因。5 个分离株（4 个A. flavus，1 个A. parasiticus）具有四联体模式，64 个分离株（63 个A. flavus，1 个A. parasiticus）有超过 1 个基因，39 个分离株（38 个A. flavus，1 个A. parasiticus）有没有任何基因。

结论

根据一些产生黄曲霉毒素的真菌对干果和谷物的污染，有必要进行广泛的监测，以更广泛地了解这些产品。此外，有效和高效的黄曲霉毒素控制计划需要识别和管理可有效减少农场或储存条件下霉菌毒素产生的关键要素。