Dilution effects in disease ecology,Ecology Letters

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Dilution effects in disease ecology
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-04 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13875
Felicia Keesing ₁ , Richard S Ostfeld ₂

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For decades, people have reduced the transmission of pathogens by adding low-quality hosts to managed environments like agricultural fields. More recently, there has been interest in whether similar ‘dilution effects’ occur in natural disease systems, and whether these effects are eroded as diversity declines. For some pathogens of plants, humans and other animals, the highest-quality hosts persist when diversity is lost, so that high-quality hosts dominate low-diversity communities, resulting in greater pathogen transmission. Meta-analyses reveal that these natural dilution effects are common. However, studying them remains challenging due to limitations on the ability of researchers to manipulate many disease systems experimentally, difficulties of acquiring data on host quality and confusion about what should and should not be considered a dilution effect. Because dilution effects are widely used in managed disease systems and have been documented in a variety of natural disease systems, their existence should not be considered controversial. Important questions remain about how frequently they occur and under what conditions to expect them. There is also ongoing confusion about their relationships to both pathogen spillover and general biogeographical correlations between diversity and disease, which has resulted in an inconsistent and confusing literature. Progress will require rigorous and creative research.

中文翻译：

疾病生态学中的稀释效应

几十年来，人们通过在农田等管理环境中添加低质量宿主来减少病原体的传播。最近，人们对自然疾病系统中是否发生类似的“稀释效应”以及这些效应是否会随着多样性下降而受到侵蚀感兴趣。对于植物、人类和其他动物的一些病原体，当多样性丧失时，最高质量的宿主仍然存在，因此高质量的宿主支配了低多样性的群落，导致病原体传播更大。荟萃分析表明，这些自然稀释效应很常见。然而，由于研究人员在实验上操纵许多疾病系统的能力有限，研究它们仍然具有挑战性，难以获得有关宿主质量的数据以及混淆什么应该和不应该被视为稀释效应。由于稀释效应广泛用于管理的疾病系统，并且已在各种自然疾病系统中得到证明，因此不应将其存在视为有争议的。重要的问题仍然是它们发生的频率以及预期它们的条件。关于它们与病原体溢出以及多样性和疾病之间的一般生物地理相关性的关系也一直存在混淆，这导致了不一致和令人困惑的文献。进步需要严谨和创造性的研究。它们的存在不应被视为有争议的。重要的问题仍然是它们发生的频率以及预期它们的条件。关于它们与病原体溢出以及多样性和疾病之间的一般生物地理相关性的关系也一直存在混淆，这导致了不一致和令人困惑的文献。进步需要严谨和创造性的研究。它们的存在不应被视为有争议的。重要的问题仍然是它们发生的频率以及预期它们的条件。关于它们与病原体溢出以及多样性和疾病之间的一般生物地理相关性的关系也一直存在混淆，这导致了不一致和令人困惑的文献。进步需要严谨和创造性的研究。

更新日期：2021-10-08

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