The objective of this research is to investigate the best management options for mitigating seawater intrusion through real-time coupling between rainfall–runoff, infiltration, surface water and groundwater system. The amount of runoff and discharge from sub-catchment after rainfall was first simulated by the rainfall–runoff model. This simulated discharge was connected with the regional surface water model to simulate the water level in the major rivers of the area. The simulated water levels in the rivers were later given as the river stage to the groundwater model through an interface module. The effect of seawater intrusion was assessed by four scenarios such as construction of additional check dams, 1 m increase in crest level of existing check dam, rejuvenation of defunct water bodies, and termination of pumping. The predicted result shows that there is an increase in the groundwater head of about 4.2 m in the unconfined aquifer and 7.5 m in the semi-confined aquifer by the end of 2030. The chloride concentration is decreased by about 1100 mg/l and 800 mg/l in the unconfined and semi-confined aquifers, respectively, by the end of 2030 with scenario 4. The areal extent has been decreased to the coast of around 5 km with scenario 4. This clearly explains that the effect of seawater intrusion is reduced by implementing mitigating measures. Finally, the real-time integrating model demonstrated that the level of groundwater is increased and the concentration of chloride decreased which helps to restore aquifer and solve the seawater intrusion problems in this study area.

本研究的目的是通过降雨-径流、入渗、地表水和地下水系统之间的实时耦合，研究减轻海水入侵的最佳管理方案。降雨后子流域的径流和排放量首先由降雨-径流模型模拟。该模拟流量与区域地表水模型相连接，模拟该地区主要河流的水位。河流中的模拟水位随后通过接口模块作为河流水位提供给地下水模型。海水入侵的影响通过四种情况进行评估，例如建造额外的拦河坝、现有拦河坝坝顶水平增加 1 m、恢复死水水体和终止抽水。预测结果表明，到2030年底，非承压含水层地下水水头增加约4.2 m，半承压含水层地下水水头增加7.5 m，氯化物浓度分别下降约1100 mg/l和800 mg /l 分别在非承压和半承压含水层中，到 2030 年底，情景 4。情景 4 的面积范围已减少到海岸约 5 公里。这清楚地解释了海水入侵的影响减少通过实施缓解措施。最后，实时积分模型表明，地下水位增加，氯化物浓度降低，有助于恢复含水层，解决研究区的海水入侵问题。到 2030 年底，非承压含水层和半承压含水层分别减少 2 m 和 7.5 m。到 2030 年底，情景 4。情景 4 的区域范围已减少到约 5 公里的海岸。这清楚地说明了通过实施缓解措施减少了海水入侵的影响。最后，实时积分模型表明，地下水位增加，氯化物浓度降低，有助于恢复含水层，解决研究区的海水入侵问题。到 2030 年底，非承压含水层和半承压含水层分别减少 2 m 和 7.5 m。到 2030 年底，情景 4。情景 4 的区域范围已减少到约 5 公里的海岸。这清楚地说明了通过实施缓解措施减少了海水入侵的影响。最后，实时积分模型表明，地下水位增加，氯化物浓度降低，有助于恢复含水层，解决研究区的海水入侵问题。分别到 2030 年底，情景 4。情景 4 的区域范围已减少到海岸约 5 公里。这清楚地说明了通过实施缓解措施减少了海水入侵的影响。最后，实时积分模型表明，地下水位增加，氯化物浓度降低，有助于恢复含水层，解决研究区的海水入侵问题。分别到 2030 年底，情景 4。情景 4 的区域范围已减少到海岸约 5 公里。这清楚地说明了通过实施缓解措施减少了海水入侵的影响。最后，实时积分模型表明，地下水位增加，氯化物浓度降低，有助于恢复含水层，解决研究区的海水入侵问题。