Since the 1970s, welfare cuts and market deregulation have made jobs increasingly precarious and workers have been made responsible for their own safety. In this context, technological developments have recently paved the way for the gig economy, in which tasks and services are distributed on digital platforms. Drawing on interviews with 32 Uber and Lyft drivers in New York City and Boston, we document how the intersecting forces of precarity, responsibilization and organizational innovation spawn the need for ‘defensive labour’, that is, emotional and cognitive self-protective practices.

中文翻译：

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“上帝在保护我……我有狼牙棒”：不稳定工作场所的防御性劳动

自 1970 年代以来，福利削减和市场放松管制使工作变得越来越不稳定，工人不得不为自己的安全负责。在这种情况下，技术发展最近为零工经济铺平了道路，其中任务和服务分布在数字平台上。通过对纽约市和波士顿的 32 名优步和 Lyft 司机的采访，我们记录了不稳定、责任和组织创新的交叉力量如何产生对“防御性劳动力”的需求，即情绪和认知自我保护实践。