Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are generally utilized for the protection of crops from pests. Because the use of OPPs in various agricultural operations has expanded dramatically, precise monitoring of their concentration levels has become the critical issue, which will help in the protection of ecological systems and food supply. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified them as extremely dangerous chemical compounds. Taking their immense use and toxicity into consideration, the development of easy, rapid and highly sensitive techniques is necessary. Despite the fact that there are numerous conventional ways for detecting OPPs, the development of portable sensors is required to make routine analysis considerably more convenient. Some of these advanced techniques include colorimetric sensors, fluorescence sensors, molecular imprinted polymer-based sensors, and surface plasmon resonance-based sensors. This review article specifically focuses on the colorimetric, fluorescence and electrochemical sensors. In this article, the sensing strategies of these developed sensors, analytical conditions and their respective limit of detection are compiled.

中文翻译：

---

有机磷农药检测的最新进展：综述

有机磷农药 (OPP) 通常用于保护作物免受害虫侵害。由于 OPPs 在各种农业作业中的使用急剧扩大，对其浓度水平的精确监测已成为关键问题，这将有助于保护生态系统和粮食供应。然而，世界卫生组织（WHO）将它们归类为极其危险的化合物。考虑到它们的巨大用途和毒性，有必要开发简单、快速和高度敏感的技术。尽管存在多种检测 OPP 的传统方法，但仍需要开发便携式传感器，以使常规分析更加方便。其中一些先进技术包括比色传感器、荧光传感器、基于分子印迹聚合物的传感器和基于表面等离子体共振的传感器。这篇评论文章特别关注比色、荧光和电化学传感器。在本文中，汇总了这些开发的传感器的传感策略、分析条件及其各自的检测限。