Over 40 years ago, it was suggested that Prorocentrum minimum in Chesapeake Bay has a seasonal life strategy that depends on the physical transport by estuarine circulation, bringing cells from lower bay to the mid-bay in spring when they bloom. In this study, a validated hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model is used to simulate the annual cycles of P. minimum in Chesapeake Bay and track its life history over multiple years. The model reproduces the observed seasonal progression of P. minimum without a seed population. Four life stages of P. minimum are faithfully produced in the model: (1) in winter, overwintering populations from the previous bloom are distributed throughout the water column in the lower bay; (2) in late winter/early spring, cells are transported upstream by the landward bottom flows; (3) in May, P. minimum develops a bloom in the mid-bay; (4) in late summer/fall, decaying P. minimum populations are transported downstream by the seaward surface flows. Particle tracking shows that it takes about 3–4 months for the overwintering cells to travel from the lower bay to the mid-bay, but about 6 months for the decaying cells to travel from the mid-bay to the lower bay, as the estuarine circulation is far stronger during the high runoff months of January–May than during the low runoff months of June–December. With the peak growth rate around 20°C, May provides an optimal window of growth opportunity for P. minimum as phytoplankton assemblage transitions from winter–spring diatoms to summer dinoflagellates in a seasonal succession.

中文翻译：

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美国切萨皮克湾 Prorocentrum 最小值的季节性生命策略：使用耦合物理-生物地球化学-有害藻华模型验证物理运输的作用

40 多年前，有人提出切萨皮克湾的Prorocentrum 最小值具有季节性生活策略，该策略依赖于河口循环的物理运输，在春季开花时将细胞从下湾带到中湾。在这项研究中，经过验证的流体动力学-生物地球化学模型用于模拟切萨皮克湾最小 P.的年度循环并跟踪其多年的生活史。该模型在没有种子种群的情况下再现了观察到的P. minimum 的季节性进展。P. 最小的四个生命阶段模型中忠实地产生： (1) 冬季，上次盛开的越冬种群分布在整个下湾水体中；(2) 冬末/初春，细胞被陆源底流向上游输送；(3) 5月，P. minimum在海湾中部开花；(4) 在夏末/秋季，衰减P. 最小值人口通过向海的表面流向下游运输。粒子追踪表明越冬细胞从下湾到中湾大约需要3-4个月的时间，而腐烂的细胞从中湾到下湾大约需要6个月的时间。在 1 月至 5 月的高径流月份，环流比 6 月至 12 月的低径流月份要强得多。随着 20°C 左右的峰值增长率，5 月为P. minimum提供了最佳的生长机会窗口，因为浮游植物组合从冬季 - 春季硅藻过渡到夏季甲藻。