Recently, with the introduction of JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) phase-aware steganalysis features, e.g., GFR, the design of JPEG steganographic distortion cost function turns to maintain not only the statistical undetectability in DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) domain but also in spatial domain. To tackle this issue, this paper presents a novel paradigm for the design of JPEG steganographic distortion cost function, which calculates the distortion cost via a generalized Distortion Cost Domain Transformation (DCDT) function. The proposed function comprises the decompressed pixel block embedding changes and their corresponding embedding distortion costs for unit change, where the pixel embedding distortion costs are represented in a more general exponential model, aiming to flexibly allocate the embedding data. In this way, the JPEG steganography could be formulated as the optimization problem of minimizing the overall distortion cost in its decompressed spatial domain, which is equivalent to maximizing its statistical undetectability against JPEG phase-aware steganalysis features. Experimental results show that the proposed DCDT equipped with HiLL (a spatial steganographic distortion cost function) is superior to other state-of-the-art JPEG steganographic schemes, e.g., UERD, J-UNIWARD, and GUED in resisting the detection of JPEG phase-aware feature-based steganalyzers GFR and SCA-GFR, and rivals BET-HiLL with one order of magnitude lower computational complexity, along with the possibility of being further improved by considering the mutually dependent embedding interactions. In addition, the proposed DCDT is also verified to be effective for different image databases and quality factors.

最近，随着 JPEG（联合图像专家组）相位感知隐写分析功能的引入，例如 GFR，JPEG 隐写失真成本函数的设计不仅在 DCT（离散余弦变换）域中保持统计不可检测性，而且在空间域。为了解决这个问题，本文提出了一种设计 JPEG 隐写失真代价函数的新范式，它通过广义失真代价域变换 (DCDT) 函数计算失真代价。所提出的函数包括解压缩后的像素块嵌入变化及其对应的单位变化嵌入失真成本，其中像素嵌入失真成本以更通用的指数模型表示，旨在灵活分配嵌入数据。通过这种方式，JPEG 隐写术可以表述为在其解压缩空间域中最小化整体失真成本的优化问题，这相当于最大化其针对 JPEG 相位感知隐写分析特征的统计不可检测性。实验结果表明，所提出的配备 HiLL（空间隐写失真成本函数）的 DCDT 在抵抗 JPEG 相位检测方面优于其他最先进的 JPEG 隐写方案，例如 UERD、J-UNIWARD 和 GUED -aware 基于特征的隐写分析器 GFR 和 SCA-GFR，与 BET-HiLL 相比，计算复杂度降低了一个数量级，并且通过考虑相互依赖的嵌入交互可以进一步改进。此外，