Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is the second most common presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The paucibacillary nature of the effusion poses diagnostic challenges. Biomarkers like adenosine deaminase and interferon-γ have some utility for diagnosing TPEs, as do cartridge-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. When these fluid studies remain indeterminate, pleural biopsies must be performed to confirm the diagnosis. This review article elaborates on the scientific evidence available for various diagnostic tests and presents a practical approach to the diagnosis of TPEs.

中文翻译：

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结核性胸腔积液的诊断：综述

结核性胸腔积液（TPE）是肺外结核的第二常见表现。积液的少杆菌性质对诊断提出了挑战。腺苷脱氨酶和干扰素-γ 等生物标志物在诊断 TPE 方面具有一定的实用性，基于盒的聚合酶链反应 (PCR) 方法也是如此。当这些液体检查仍然不确定时，必须进行胸膜活检以确认诊断。这篇综述文章详细阐述了可用于各种诊断测试的科学证据，并提出了一种诊断 TPE 的实用方法。