Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic inflammatory conditions reported to be increasing in incidence and prevalence in high-income and newly industrialised countries.1 The diagnosis and management of IBD have evolved over decades. The diagnosis of UC is conventionally suspected by patient history, confirmed on endoscopy and supported by histological analysis. However, the diagnosis of CD depends on the location of the disease and thus ease of access for confirmatory histology. Some patients with endoscopically inaccessible disease rely on cross-sectional imaging such as CT or magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and wireless capsule endoscopy, all of which have been reported to have high accuracy.2 3 The sensitivity and specificity of MRE as a single modality are high, not only in the diagnosis of new and recurrent CD in terms of the longitudinal extent and location of the disease,4 but also correlate significantly with inflammation within the fibrotic segments, on histological assessment of CD-related strictures.5 It is also useful for detecting and quantifying the degree of established bowel damage.6 Therefore, the European Crohn’s and Colitis guidelines7 recommend MRE as a reliable test and is now routinely used in clinical practice. It does however have some limitations. It is expensive, requires advanced infrastructure, inconvenient for patients (requiring an additional hospital visit during which >1 L of oral contrast must be consumed followed by a 30–40 min scan, which some find claustrophobic), burdensome for healthcare systems and requires expertise to interpret the images. In recent years, intestinal ultrasound (IUS) has emerged as a reliable, cost-effective, non-invasive, time-efficient test, making it an attractive alternative tool for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CD. This technique is used extensively by non-radiologist clinicians in continental Europe, Canada and Australia to manage patients with CD, but has …

中文翻译：

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肠道超声检查：使用基于临床的即时护理方法对 IBD 患者进行有效、无创监测的有用技能

炎症性肠病 (IBD)，包括溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 和克罗恩病 (CD)，是一种慢性炎症性疾病，据报道在高收入国家和新兴工业化国家的发病率和患病率都在增加。 1 IBD 的诊断和管理已经发展几十年来。UC 的诊断通常根据患者病史进行怀疑，通过内窥镜检查确认并得到组织学分析的支持。然而，CD 的诊断取决于疾病的位置，因此是否易于获得确认性组织学。一些内镜下无法进入的疾病患者依靠 CT 或磁共振小肠造影 (MRE) 和无线胶囊内镜等横断面成像，均已被报道具有较高的准确性。 2 3 MRE 作为单一检查方式的敏感性和特异性很高，不仅在诊断新的和复发性 CD 方面的纵向范围和位置方面 4，而且在 CD 相关狭窄的组织学评估中与纤维化节段内的炎症显着相关。 5 它也可用于检测并量化已确定的肠道损伤程度。6 因此，欧洲克罗恩病和结肠炎指南 7 推荐 MRE 作为一种可靠的检测方法，现在已常规用于临床实践。然而，它确实有一些限制。它很昂贵，需要先进的基础设施，对患者不方便（需要额外的医院就诊，在此期间必须消耗 > 1 L 的口服对比剂，然后进行 30-40 分钟的扫描，有些人认为这会导致幽闭恐惧症），对医疗保健系统来说很麻烦并且需要专业知识解释图像。最近几年，肠道超声 (IUS) 已成为一种可靠、经济高效、非侵入性、省时的测试，使其成为诊断和随访 CD 患者的有吸引力的替代工具。这种技术被欧洲大陆、加拿大和澳大利亚的非放射科临床医生广泛用于管理 CD 患者，但...