Background

Ambient particulate matter is a leading risk factor for disease globally. Particulate matter 10 (PM₁₀) and particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) are derived from different sources, including operating motor vehicles as well as from industrial activities. In this study we investigate the association between increased concentrations of PM and total daily visits to the psychiatric emergency unit (PEV). Further, the aim is to identify specific risk groups who are more susceptible to the effects of air pollution exposure by studying sex, age, ongoing psychiatric follow-up and diagnoses of depression/anxiety or substance use.

Material and methods

The sample was comprised of data from 2740 days to 81 548 PEVs at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg and daily mean concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyse associations between air pollution and PEVs.

Results

Mean number of daily PEVs were 35 and sex distribution was even. PM exposure was associated with total PEV at lag 0 (the same day), by RR 1.016 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.004–1.028) and RR 1.020 (95%CI 1.003–1.038) per 10 μg/m³ increase in PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, respectively. In females, PEV were increased at lag 0 and lag 1, and in males at lag 1 and lag 2. In the age-stratified analysis, PEVs significantly increased following PM exposure amongst individuals aged 35–65 years by lag 0–2 and in individuals who had contact with outpatient care at lag 0 to lag 1. There were no associations between air pollution and PEVs for any specific diagnostic group evaluated (amongst depression, anxiety and substance use disorder).

Conclusions

The results indicate that acute exposure to PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 may trigger acute worsening in mental health in both males and females, especially among 35–65 year old individuals. However, in subgroups of the most common psychiatric diagnoses, we did not observe statistically significant associations with PM exposure.

中文翻译：

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空气污染和精神科急诊室就诊次数的增加：一项用于识别易感人群的病例交叉研究

背景

环境颗粒物是全球疾病的主要风险因素。颗粒物 10 (PM ₁₀ ) 和颗粒物 2.5 (PM _2.5 ) 来自不同的来源，包括机动车辆以及工业活动。在这项研究中，我们调查了 PM 浓度增加与每日精神科急诊室 (PEV) 总就诊次数之间的关联。此外，其目的是通过研究性别、年龄、正在进行的精神病学随访和抑郁/焦虑或物质使用的诊断来确定更容易受到空气污染影响的特定风险群体。

材料与方法

该样本包含哥德堡萨尔格伦斯卡大学医院 2740 天到 81548 辆 PEV 的数据以及 PM ₁₀和 PM _2.5的日平均浓度。时间分层的案例交叉设计用于分析空气污染与 PEV 之间的关联。

结果

平均每日 PEV 数为 35，性别分布均匀。PM 暴露与滞后 0（同一天）的总 PEV 相关，RR 1.016（95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.004–1.028）和 RR 1.020（95%CI 1.003–1.038）每增加10 μg/m ³分别为PM ₁₀和 PM _2.5。在女性中，PEV 在滞后 0 和滞后 1 时增加，在男性中在滞后 1 和滞后 2 时增加。在年龄分层分析中，在 35-65 岁的个体中，PEV 在接触 PM 后显着增加，滞后 0-2 和在滞后 0 到滞后 1 期间接触过门诊护理的个人。对于任何评估的特定诊断组（包括抑郁症、焦虑症和物质使用障碍），空气污染与 PEV 之间没有关联。

结论

结果表明，急性暴露于 PM ₁₀和 PM _2.5可能会导致男性和女性的心理健康急剧恶化，尤其是在 35-65 岁的人群中。然而，在最常见的精神病诊断亚组中，我们没有观察到与 PM 暴露的统计学显着关联。