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Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to heavy metals in underground water resources in Saraven, Iran: Spatial distribution, monte-carlo simulation, sensitive analysis
Environmental Research ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112002
Naghmeh Jafarzadeh 1 , Kambiz Heidari 2 , Ali Meshkinian 3 , Hossein Kamani 3 , Ali Akbar Mohammadi 4 , Gea Oliveri Conti 5
Affiliation  

Groundwater aquifers are considered the second most abundant water supply for drinking water all over the world. In Iran, ground waters are commonly employed for drinking water, irrigation, and industrial purposes. Heavy metals (HMs) pose human concerns about the groundwater contamination; these pollutants are recognized to be capable of bio-accumulation, long persistence in the natural environment, and toxic effects. In the present research, the content of HMs: Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) were detected in 89 water samples collected in 2018 by underground water supplies (active wells) of Saravan city. Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Monte Carlo Simulation approach with 10,000 repetitions were applied to discover the human non-carcinogenic impacts of HMs in four groups of ages (adults, teenagers, children, and infants) of consumers. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, and Cd were in the range of 0.49–20, 0.1 to 58.34, and 0.11–12.8 μg/L, respectively. The mean HQ calculated due to exposure to Pb (0.0018–0.0023), Cr (0.0112–0.0186), and Cd (0.0370–0.0615) were lower than one. The findings of sensitivity analysis revealed that HMs concentration had the most contribution effect on human non-carcinogenic risk analysis in four different exposed populations. This study could assist researchers to perform more comprehensive studies with more samples. Therefore, further research is required for decision-makers to plan proper measurements properly.



中文翻译:

伊朗萨拉文地下水资源中重金属暴露的非致癌风险评估:空间分布、蒙特卡罗模拟、敏感分析

地下水含水层被认为是世界上第二丰富的饮用水供应。在伊朗,地下水通常用于饮用水、灌溉和工业用途。重金属(HMs)引起人们对地下水污染的担忧;这些污染物被认为具有生物蓄积性、在自然环境中的长期持久性和毒性作用。在本研究中,2018 年沙拉湾市地下水供应(活井)采集的 89 个水样中检测到了 HMs:铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)的含量。应用危险商 (HQ) 和蒙特卡罗模拟方法,重复 10,000 次,以发现 HMs 在四个年龄段(成人、青少年、儿童和婴儿)的消费者中对人类非致癌性的影响。Cr、Pb 和 Cd 的浓度分别在 0.49-20、0.1-58.34 和 0.11-12.8 μg/L 的范围内。由于暴露于 Pb (0.0018–0.0023)、Cr (0.0112–0.0186) 和 Cd (0.0370–0.0615) 而计算的平均 HQ 低于 1。敏感性分析结果表明,在四种不同暴露人群中,HMs 浓度对人类非致癌风险分析的贡献最大。这项研究可以帮助研究人员对更多样本进行更全面的研究。因此,决策者需要进一步研究以正确规划适当的测量。敏感性分析结果表明,在四种不同暴露人群中,HMs 浓度对人类非致癌风险分析的贡献最大。这项研究可以帮助研究人员对更多样本进行更全面的研究。因此,决策者需要进一步研究以正确规划适当的测量。敏感性分析结果表明,在四种不同暴露人群中,HMs 浓度对人类非致癌风险分析的贡献最大。这项研究可以帮助研究人员对更多样本进行更全面的研究。因此,决策者需要进一步研究以正确规划适当的测量。

更新日期:2021-09-13
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