Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems are normally installed on wide-open area for converting sunlight into electricity. They face a great challenge of lightning strike. A computational model for lightning-induced voltage on PV system is proposed in this article based on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Both the medium property and electromagnetic wave propagation are considered. The lightning-induced voltages for PV systems on complex terrain, including flat land, lake and mountain, are investigated for the first time. It suggests that the lightning-induced voltage is strongly dependent on the ground conductivity due to the variation of wave reflection coefficient at the interface. The terrain with low conductivity and great permittivity would result in a large voltage, which becomes higher as the mounting height increases. The characteristics for that on lake are completely different from that on land; the lightning threat for floating PV is relatively small. The electromagnetic field, along with the propagation path, leads to the distinction on mountain. The V-shaped terrain has a greater risk; the mountain slope also plays a role. The proposed method is compared with existing methods and further validated. The results provide guidance for lightning protection design for PV system on complex terrain.

大型光伏 (PV) 系统通常安装在开阔的区域，用于将阳光转化为电能。他们面临着雷击的巨大挑战。本文基于有限差分时域（FDTD）方法提出了一种光伏系统雷电感应电压的计算模型。同时考虑了介质特性和电磁波传播。首次对平地、湖泊、山地等复杂地形光伏系统的雷击电压进行了研究。这表明由于界面处波反射系数的变化，雷电感应电压强烈依赖于地面电导率。电导率低、介电常数大的地形会产生很大的电压，随着安装高度的增加，电压会变得更高。湖上的特征与陆上完全不同；浮动光伏的雷电威胁相对较小。电磁场，连同传播路径，导致山上的区别。V形地形风险更大；山坡也有作用。将所提出的方法与现有方法进行比较并进一步验证。研究结果可为复杂地形光伏系统的防雷设计提供指导。将所提出的方法与现有方法进行比较并进一步验证。研究结果可为复杂地形光伏系统的防雷设计提供指导。将所提出的方法与现有方法进行比较并进一步验证。研究结果可为复杂地形光伏系统的防雷设计提供指导。