Copper nanostructures with low preparation cost have become the research hotspot in the fields of optics, electricity, magnetism and so on because of the complementary or higher properties than bulk materials. A novel macroscopic dendritic copper nanoleaves with the length of 3–22 mm prepared by solid-state ionics method at 4 μA direct current electric field (DCEF) using fast ionic conductor RbCu₄Cl₃I₂ films was reported. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of prepared copper nanoleaves was detected by crystal violet (CV) and rhodamine 6G (R6G) aqueous solution as analyte molecules. The results present that the leaf width of copper nanoleaves ranged from 2 μm to 5 μm and many regularly arranged nanoparticles with the diameter from 10 to 70 nm existed on the prepared copper nanoleaves, which lead to the nanoleaves have high surface roughness. The copper nanoleaves contain only Cu elements and the fractal dimensions of copper nanoleaves was 1.381 because of macroscopic dendritic structures. The prepared copper nanoleaves composed of pure Cu have high surface roughness and the surface of copper nanoleaves can form a great many of hot spots, so the limit of detection (LOD) for CV and R6G detected by copper nanoleaves were as low as 1 × 10⁻¹² mol/L and 1 × 10⁻¹³ mol/L, respectively. The centimeter-scale copper nanoleaves with facile material synthesis, high surface roughness, simple detection procedure and low LOD of analyte molecules have strong application prospect in trace detection of harmful food additives.

制备成本低的铜纳米结构由于与大块材料具有互补或更高的性能，已成为光学、电学、磁学等领域的研究热点。使用快离子导体 RbCu ₄ Cl ₃ I ₂在 4 μA 直流电场 (DCEF) 下通过固态离子法制备了一种长度为 3-22 mm 的新型宏观树枝状铜纳米叶电影被报道。通过结晶紫（CV）和罗丹明6G（R6G）水溶液作为分析物分子检测制备的铜纳米叶的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）性能。结果表明，制备的铜纳米叶片的叶片宽度为2 μm~5 μm，并且在制备的铜纳米叶片上存在许多规则排列的直径为10~70 nm的纳米粒子，导致纳米叶片具有较高的表面粗糙度。由于宏观树枝状结构，铜纳米叶仅包含Cu元素，并且铜纳米叶的分形维数为1.381。制备的纯Cu组成的纳米铜叶表面粗糙度高，纳米铜叶表面可形成大量热点，^-12 mol/L 和 1 × 10 ^-13 mol/L 分别。厘米级纳米铜叶具有材料合成容易、表面粗糙度高、检测过程简单、分析物分子LOD低等优点，在食品有害添加剂的痕量检测中具有很强的应用前景。