In England, Parliament introduced the ‘necessary interest rule’ through the enactment of section 115 of the Charities Act 2011 (England and Wales), allowing ‘any person interested’ in a charitable trust to initiate charity proceedings against defaulting trustees in their administration of charitable assets. Nevertheless, insufficient attention has been paid to this rule despite it being initially enacted in 1853. Parliament has refrained from clearly defining the rule, and the courts have long been grappling with its meaning in determining whether a person is eligible to sue. This paper studies the necessary interest rule by exploring the way in which the courts have interpreted it and the uncertainties surrounding its operation. It is shown that, in the context of charitable trusts, the concern of securing the due administration and execution of the trust lies at the heart of the rule. The final section of this paper discusses the significant theoretical implications of the necessary interest rule. It considers the beneficiary-enforcer debate concerning the conceptual nature of express trusts and highlights the insights that analysis of the rule can provide into this debate.

在英格兰，议会通过颁布《2011 年慈善法》（英格兰和威尔士）第 115 条引入了“必要利益规则”，允许“任何对慈善信托感兴趣的人”发起慈善诉讼，针对在慈善管理中违约的受托人资产。然而，尽管该规则最初于 1853 年颁布，但并未引起足够的重视。议会一直没有明确定义该规则，法院长期以来一直在努力确定一个人是否有资格提起诉讼的含义。本文通过探讨法院解释它的方式以及围绕其运作的不确定性来研究必要利益规则。研究表明，在慈善信托的背景下，确保信托的适当管理和执行是该规则的核心。本文的最后一部分讨论了必要利益规则的重要理论含义。它考虑了受益人-执行者关于明示信托概念性质的辩论，并强调了对规则的分析可以为这场辩论提供的见解。