The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Principles on Promoting Responsible Sovereign Lending and Borrowing provide inter alia that creditors should ensure debt contracts are duly authorized; yet, the Mozambique Tuna Bond Scandal suggests that in the market for private bank-to-state credit facilities agreements, there is still work to do. This article presents empirical evidence suggesting growth in the amount of private bank-to-state loans and argues that this growth, combined with a lack of transparency, will lead to increasing numbers of legal disputes over want and abuse of official authority. The English law doctrines of ultra vires contracting in private international law and abuse of agent authority, usually applied in the context of corruption, are considered, and various reforms are proposed, including a transparency register and a legislative reversal of presumption of agent authority.

中文翻译：

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金枪鱼债券丑闻：银行与国家之间的信贷融通协议持续缺乏透明度

联合国贸易和发展会议关于促进负责任的主权借贷的原则除其他外规定债权人应确保债务合同得到适当授权；然而，莫桑比克金枪鱼债券丑闻表明，在私人银行对国家信贷安排协议市场上，仍有工作要做。本文提供的经验证据表明私人银行对国家的贷款数量增长，并认为这种增长加上缺乏透明度将导致越来越多的关于缺乏和滥用官方权力的法律纠纷。考虑了通常在腐败背景下适用的国际私法中的越权合同和滥用代理人权力的英国法律学说，并提出了各种改革方案，