Some previous studies report that increased experience with a second language (L2) may result in a more target-like perception and production in the L2, as well as in a less native-like performance in the L1. The present paper aimed to (1) assess the role of L2 experience on L2 and L1 production of voiceless stops; (2) investigate the effect of L2 experience on L2 and L1 perception of voiceless stops; and (3) examine the relationship between perception and production. Three groups of English learners of Spanish differing in amount and type of L2 experience, as well as two groups of functional monolinguals, completed a production task and an identification task involving English and Spanish voiceless stops. The results revealed that the L2 speakers were more successful at producing than at perceiving Spanish stops accurately, with L2 experience having a positive effect on production. L2 experience was not found to affect performance in the L1, which could be related to an overall limited amount of L2 use even in an immersion setting. The results also showed a weak relationship between perception and production, which may partly be due to the different nature of perceptual and production measures.

之前的一些研究报告说，增加第二语言 (L2) 的经验可能会导致 L2 中更像目标的感知和产生，以及 L1 中不太像母语的表现。本论文旨在 (1) 评估 L2 体验对 L2 和 L1 清音塞音产生的作用；(2) 考察二语体验对二语和一语清塞音感知的影响；(3) 考察感知与生产的关系。三组不同数量和类型的二语经验的西班牙语英语学习者，以及两组功能性单语者，完成了一项涉及英语和西班牙语清音塞的生产任务和识别任务。结果表明，L2 说话者在生产方面比在准确感知西班牙语停顿方面更成功，具有 L2 经验对生产有积极影响。未发现 L2 体验会影响 L1 的性能，这可能与即使在沉浸式环境中 L2 的总体使用量有限有关。结果还显示感知和生产之间的关系较弱，这可能部分是由于感知和生产措施的不同性质。