Coastal beach aquifers are biogeochemically active systems that mediate chemical and material fluxes across the land-sea interface. This paper provides a review of major physical stressors and geologic features that influence flow and solute fate and transport in coastal beach aquifers. We outline current understanding of the interactions between these factors and their associated impacts on water and geochemical fluxes within and across these aquifers. The physical processes that control flow, transport, and the formation and distribution of reactive zones in beach aquifers (e.g., tides, waves, density gradients, precipitation, episodic ocean events, and evaporation) operate across overlapping temporal and spatial scales, and present challenges for measuring and modeling physical flow and biogeochemical processes in coastal groundwater systems. Geologic heterogeneity introduces further complexity by modifying flowpaths, mixing patterns, and rates of biotransformation. Interactions between these physical stressors and geological controls are likely to evolve with changes in sea level, climate variability, human settlement, coastal erosion, and other natural and anthropogenic stresses, providing avenues for scientific exploration into the future role of beach aquifers as chemical mediators between the land and ocean.

沿海海滩含水层是生物地球化学活性系统，可调节跨陆海界面的化学和物质通量。本文综述了影响沿海海滩含水层中流动和溶质归宿和运输的主要物理压力源和地质特征。我们概述了目前对这些因素之间的相互作用及其对这些含水层内部和之间的水和地球化学通量的相关影响的理解。控制海滩含水层中流动、运输以及反应带形成和分布的物理过程（例如潮汐、波浪、密度梯度、降水、偶发性海洋事件和蒸发）在重叠的时间和空间尺度上运行，并带来挑战用于测量和模拟沿海地下水系统中的物理流量和生物地球化学过程。地质异质性通过改变流动路径、混合模式和生物转化率引入了进一步的复杂性。这些物理压力源和地质控制之间的相互作用可能会随着海平面、气候变率、人类住区、海岸侵蚀以及其他自然和人为压力的变化而演变，为科学探索海滩含水层作为之间化学介质的未来作用提供了途径。陆地和海洋。