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White Americans’ Attitudes Toward Reparations for Slavery: Definitions and Determinants
Race and Social Problems ( IF 2.877 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s12552-021-09348-x
Ashley V. Reichelmann 1 , Matthew O. Hunt 2
Affiliation  

The issue of reparations to the descendants of persons enslaved in the United States is receiving increasing attention in both the public sphere (e.g., 2020 Presidential campaigns) and in academic circles. However, the term “reparations” often goes undefined in such discussions, despite the fact that different types of government action (e.g., an apology versus financial payments) are associated with varying levels of public opposition (or support). We also know little about how attitudes toward reparations explicitly targeting the consequences of slavery differ from attitudes toward more generic race-targeted policies. Drawing on data from an online survey of white Americans conducted in 2016, we examine how levels of opposition to a range of different race-targeted government actions varies by (1) the type and aims of the intervention, and (2) whites’ social locations and political orientations. Regarding policy type, whites are least opposed to selected symbolic reparations (e.g., a memorial to enslaved persons) and to policies designed to ensure “fair treatment” of black Americans in the workplace. Whites are most opposed to reparations in the form of direct financial payments to black Americans and to policies involving “preferential treatment” of blacks in the workplace. In addition, whites who are older, more conservative, and who view race relations as unimportant are most opposed to the reparations and other race-based policies we examine. We conclude with suggestions for future work on this timely topic.



中文翻译:

美国白人对奴隶制赔偿的态度:定义和决定因素

对在美国被奴役的人的后代进行赔偿的问题在公共领域(例如 2020 年总统竞选)和学术界都受到越来越多的关注。然而,尽管不同类型的政府行为(例如道歉与经济支付)与不同程度的公众反对(或支持)相关,但在此类讨论中,“赔偿”一词通常没有定义。我们对明确针对奴隶制后果的赔偿的态度与对更通用的针对种族政策的态度有何不同,我们也知之甚少。根据 2016 年对美国白人进行的在线调查的数据,我们研究了对一系列针对不同种族的政府行动的反对程度如何因 (1) 干预的类型和目标而异,(2) 白人的社会地位和政治取向。关于政策类型,白人最不反对选定的象征性赔偿(例如,对被奴役者的纪念碑)和旨在确保在工作场所“公平对待”美国黑人的政策。白人最反对以直接向美国黑人支付金钱的形式进行赔偿,以及在工作场所对黑人实行“优惠待遇”的政策。此外,年龄较大、较为保守且认为种族关系不重要的白人最反对我们研究的赔偿和其他基于种族的政策。最后,我们对这一及时主题的未来工作提出了建议。被奴役者的纪念碑)和旨在确保美国黑人在工作场所“公平对待”的政策。白人最反对以直接向美国黑人支付金钱的形式进行赔偿,以及在工作场所对黑人实行“优惠待遇”的政策。此外,年龄较大、较为保守且认为种族关系不重要的白人最反对我们研究的赔偿和其他基于种族的政策。最后,我们对这一及时主题的未来工作提出了建议。被奴役者的纪念碑)和旨在确保美国黑人在工作场所“公平对待”的政策。白人最反对以直接向美国黑人支付金钱的形式进行赔偿,以及在工作场所对黑人实行“优惠待遇”的政策。此外,年龄较大、较为保守且认为种族关系不重要的白人最反对我们研究的赔偿和其他基于种族的政策。最后,我们对这一及时主题的未来工作提出了建议。更保守、认为种族关系不重要的人最反对我们研究的赔偿和其他基于种族的政策。最后,我们对这一及时主题的未来工作提出了建议。更保守、认为种族关系不重要的人最反对我们研究的赔偿和其他基于种族的政策。最后,我们对这一及时主题的未来工作提出了建议。

更新日期:2021-09-04
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