The present study has examined the long-term variability of water mass properties and its relation to sea ice production (SIP) in the northwestern Bering Sea shelf using hydrographic and satellite data, and output from atmospheric reanalysis. As per our analysis of hydrographic data in the summer seasons, significant variability in bottom water temperature and salinity was noted. The temperature in 2018 showed particularly remarkable warming of the whole water column throughout the Gulf of Anadyr (GOA) and cold pool (CP) region. These oceanic parameters exhibited correlations with SIP in the Anadyr polynya, which is identified as one of the most active polynyas in the Northern Hemisphere. Specifically, there were more saline and colder water during high-SIP years, suggesting the influence of dense shelf water (DSW) that is formed during freezing processes; however, in low SIP years, bottom salinity has been observed to behave inversely, resulting in more saline water with lower SIP. We suggest that the influence of warm and saline water, originating from the Pacific, transported by ocean currents intensified by wintertime southerly winds in low-SIP years. The properties of bottom water in the semi-closed GOA are influenced by intrusion of the Pacific-originated water and DSW.

本研究使用水文和卫星数据以及大气再分析的输出，研究了水团特性的长期变化及其与白令海架西北部海冰生成 (SIP) 的关系。根据我们对夏季水文数据的分析，注意到底部水温和盐度的显着变化。2018 年的温度表明，整个阿纳德尔湾 (GOA) 和冷池 (CP) 区域的整个水体变暖尤为显着。这些海洋参数显示出与阿纳德尔冰湖中 SIP 的相关性，阿纳德尔冰湖被认为是北半球最活跃的冰湖之一。具体来说，在高 SIP 年份有更多的盐水和更冷的水，表明在冷冻过程中形成的密集架水 (DSW) 的影响；然而，在低 SIP 年份，观察到底部盐度的行为相反，导致更多的咸水具有较低的 SIP。我们认为，源自太平洋的暖水和咸水的影响，在低 SIP 年份由冬季南风加剧的洋流输送。半封闭GOA底水的性质受太平洋源水和DSW入侵的影响。