Along with the fast deployment of bike-sharing systems (BSS) nowadays is the bike imbalance problem induced by the demand variability. In this study, we design a user-based bike rebalancing (UBR) strategy to solve the bike imbalance problem in a free-floating bike sharing system (FBSS), where the user arrival and incentive budget allocation of the FBSS are both dynamic. Specifically, we design a dynamic bidding-model-based incentive mechanism (BIM) to progressively determine the incentive price, based on which users are assigned the rebalancing task. The proposed BIM is proved to be budget feasible, incentive compatible, and competitive. We use a set of bike sharing data to numerically verify the effectiveness of BIM in improving the service level of FBSS. Furthermore, we find that the BIM outperforms the post-price-based incentive mechanism (PIM), with its advantage negatively correlated with user irrationality. Some managerial insights and potential research opportunities are provided for urban planners, policy makers and BSS practitioners.

随着如今共享单车系统 (BSS) 的快速部署，需求变化引起的自行车不平衡问题也随之而来。在这项研究中，我们设计了一种基于用户的自行车再平衡 (UBR) 策略来解决自由浮动自行车共享系统 (FBSS) 中的自行车不平衡问题，其中 FBSS 的用户到达和激励预算分配都是动态的。具体来说，我们设计了一种基于动态投标模型的激励机制（BIM）来逐步确定激励价格，基于分配给重新平衡任务的用户。所提议的 BIM 被证明是预算可行、激励兼容且具有竞争力的。我们使用一组共享单车数据来数值验证BIM在提高FBSS服务水平方面的有效性。此外，我们发现 BIM 优于基于价格后的激励机制（PIM），其优势与用户非理性负相关。为城市规划者、政策制定者和 BSS 从业者提供了一些管理见解和潜在的研究机会。