Solar-assisted steam generation is considered as an environmental-friendly and feasible technology to effectively harvest solar energy, which has been widely in water purification, seawater desalination and steam sterilization. In this work, we demonstrated flexible and scalable double-layered photothermal material (named as ppy-RF) based on phenolic aldehyde foam and polypyrrole coating as a light adsorption layer for solar steam generation. The resulting ppy-RF foam possessed interpenetrated and macroporous network with high porosity (>86%), superhydrophilicity, low thermal conductivity (0.0396 W m^-1 K^-1) and almost 100% absorbance (500-2500 nm). These characteristics make ppy-RF foam rapid water transportation and steam generation with an energy conversion efficiency of 90% under solar illumination of 1 kW h^-1. Furthermore, the ppy-RF foam exhibits outstanding salt-resistant performance and long-term stability for desalination even in high salinity brine (20 wt%). By combination of its porous, flexible and monolithic configuration obtained by a simple and scalable fabrication method with efficient solar-thermal conversion ability and salt-resistance, the ppy-RF foam shows great potential in the application of clean water production and brine desalination.

太阳能辅助蒸汽发电被认为是一种有效收集太阳能的环保可行技术，已广泛应用于水净化、海水淡化和蒸汽杀菌。在这项工作中，我们展示了基于酚醛泡沫和聚吡咯涂层的灵活且可扩展的双层光热材料（命名为 ppy-RF）作为太阳能蒸汽产生的光吸附层。所得 ppy-RF 泡沫具有互穿和大孔网络，具有高孔隙率 (>86%)、超亲水性、低导热性 (0.0396 W m ^-1  K ^-1) 和几乎 100% 的吸光度 (500-2500 nm)。这些特性使得ppy-RF泡沫在1 kW h ^{-1 的}太阳光照下能量转换效率高达90%，能够快速输水和产生蒸汽。此外，即使在高盐度盐水（20wt%）中，ppy-RF泡沫也表现出出色的抗盐性能和长期脱盐稳定性。通过简单且可扩展的制造方法获得的多孔、柔性和整体结构与高效的太阳能热转换能力和耐盐性相结合，ppy-RF 泡沫在清洁水生产和盐水淡化的应用中显示出巨大的潜力。