Temperature scales have evolved through many decades to more accurately represent the thermodynamic temperature. This creates challenges for those who study thermophysical properties, because the temperatures given for literature data may not correspond to the latest international scale. The resulting differences are small, but not necessarily negligible, especially for reference-quality work. Here, we describe the temperature scales that might be encountered in the literature and give guidance for converting them to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). We pay special attention to the liquid-helium scales used for cryogenic work, where a potentially confusing number of different scales has been used. Advice is given for avoiding common mistakes in dealing with temperature scales in the context of thermophysical property data, including the responsibility of experimentalists to fully document their reported temperatures and the responsibility of modelers to document their handling of any temperature-scale issues.

温标经过几十年的发展，可以更准确地表示热力学温度。这给研究热物理性质的人带来了挑战，因为文献数据给出的温度可能与最新的国际尺度不符。由此产生的差异很小，但不一定可以忽略不计，特别是对于参考质量的工作。在这里，我们描述了文献中可能遇到的温标，并提供了将它们转换为 1990 年国际温标 (ITS-90) 的指导。我们特别关注用于低温工作的液氦秤，其中使用了可能令人困惑的不同秤。给出了避免在热物理属性数据背景下处理温标时出现常见错误的建议，包括实验人员完整记录其报告的温度的责任以及建模者记录其对任何温标问题的处理的责任。