Satellite cells support adult skeletal muscle fiber adaptations to loading in numerous ways. The fusion of satellite cells, driven by cell-autonomous and/or extrinsic factors, contributes new myonuclei to muscle fibers, associates with load-induced hypertrophy, and may support focal membrane damage repair and long-term myonuclear transcriptional output. Recent studies have also revealed that satellite cells communicate within their niche to mediate muscle remodeling in response to resistance exercise, regulating the activity of numerous cell types through various mechanisms such as secretory signaling and cell–cell contact. Muscular adaptation to resistance and endurance activity can be initiated and sustained for a period of time in the absence of satellite cells, but satellite cell participation is ultimately required to achieve full adaptive potential, be it growth, function, or proprioceptive coordination. While significant progress has been made in understanding the roles of satellite cells in adult muscle over the last few decades, many conclusions have been extrapolated from regeneration studies. This review highlights our current understanding of satellite cell behavior and contributions to adaptation outside of regeneration in adult muscle, as well as the roles of satellite cells beyond fusion and myonuclear accretion, which are gaining broader recognition.

中文翻译：

---

融合及其他：卫星细胞对负荷诱导的骨骼肌适应的贡献

卫星细胞以多种方式支持成人骨骼肌纤维对负荷的适应。由细胞自主和/或外在因素驱动的卫星细胞融合为肌纤维提供新的肌核，与负荷诱导的肥大相关，并可能支持局灶性膜损伤修复和长期肌核转录输出。最近的研究还表明，卫星细胞在其生态位内进行通信以介导肌肉重塑以响应抗阻运动，通过分泌信号传导和细胞 - 细胞接触等各种机制调节多种细胞类型的活动。在没有卫星细胞的情况下，肌肉对阻力和耐力活动的适应可以开始并持续一段时间，但最终需要卫星细胞的参与才能实现充分的适应潜力，无论是生长、功能还是本体感受协调。虽然在过去的几十年里，在理解卫星细胞在成人肌肉中的作用方面取得了重大进展，但许多结论都是从再生研究中推断出来的。这篇综述强调了我们目前对卫星细胞行为的理解以及对成年肌肉再生之外的适应的贡献，以及卫星细胞在融合和肌核增生之外的作用，这些作用正在获得更广泛的认可。许多结论是从再生研究中推断出来的。这篇综述强调了我们目前对卫星细胞行为的理解以及对成年肌肉再生之外的适应的贡献，以及卫星细胞在融合和肌核增生之外的作用，这些作用正在获得更广泛的认可。许多结论是从再生研究中推断出来的。这篇综述强调了我们目前对卫星细胞行为的理解以及对成年肌肉再生之外的适应的贡献，以及卫星细胞在融合和肌核增生之外的作用，这些作用正在获得更广泛的认可。