Large (>50 km³) magma bodies that contribute to caldera-forming eruptions in the Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand have shown evidence for crystallization and storage on the order of decades to centuries prior to eruption. We compare various conductive and convective heat extraction models to determine which is more likely to enable the heat loss required for short magma storage. We conclude that purely conductive models only account for heat loss on millennial or longer timescales. We also show that convective hydrothermal systems with heat output of 1,000 MW in magnitude are required for decadal heat extraction from a large, contiguous magma body; yet, heat output similar to present-day conditions would be suitable for cooling magma distributed as a patchwork of smaller magma bodies. This study shows the potential connection with heat flow at the surface and the presence of a magma body, providing future directions for monitoring restless calderas in environments with a wealth of hydrothermal activity like the TVZ.

中文翻译：

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水热冷却是硅质岩浆短期储存的必要条件

大型（>50 公里³) 有助于新西兰陶波火山区 (TVZ) 火山口形成喷发的岩浆体已经显示出在喷发前数十到数百年的结晶和储存证据。我们比较了各种传导和对流热提取模型，以确定哪个更有可能实现短岩浆储存所需的热量损失。我们得出的结论是，纯传导模型仅考虑了千年或更长时间尺度上的热损失。我们还表明，从大型连续岩浆体中提取十年热量需要具有 1,000 兆瓦热输出量级的对流热液系统；然而，类似于当今条件的热量输出将适合冷却作为较小岩浆体拼凑而成的岩浆。