Introduction

Over the last two decades, many walkability attributes and variables have been considered in the evaluation of walkability scores with various methods and approaches. This study investigates the recent trend of walkability measures in terms of the scale of analysis, the case study location, the type of measurements, the data collection tool, the analysis method, and the research field.

Methods

In a review of existing literature, this paper analyzes and compares the walkability studies over the past two decades. A total of 75 articles from 40 journals and conference proceedings were selected through a systematic and sequential procedure. In order to explore the research trend among the reviewed articles, we applied a hierarchical clustering technique. A meta-analysis was performed to systematically assess the results of previous walkability studies to derive conclusions about the future direction of research.

Results

The result of this review reveals that recent walkability studies in North America have prevailed in a street-level microscopic analysis while the others in Asia and Europe have focused on both large and small-scale walkability analysis. Advanced images and instrument audit tools are being applied nowadays in addition to traditional physical audit tools for measuring walkability. In recent years, urban design qualities objectively measuring at a street level (e.g., comfort/convenience, aesthetics, sidewalk design, etc.) have been widely used in determining walkability in lieu of the traditionally used attributes (e.g., roadway level of service).

Conclusion

This study presents a future direction for walkability studies along with the recent trend in walkability measures and data analysis. Walkability studies have attracted significant attention more recently than in previous years. The recent trend of automated and systematic walkability data collection will eventually enable detailed analysis at a large scale and contribute to advancing walkability studies.

中文翻译：

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应用层次聚类技术探索可步行性度量的趋势

介绍

在过去的二十年中，在使用各种方法和方法评估步行性分数时已经考虑了许多步行性属性和变量。本研究从分析规模、案例研究地点、测量类型、数据收集工具、分析方法和研究领域等方面调查了步行性测量的近期趋势。

方法

在回顾现有文献的过程中，本文分析和比较了过去二十年的步行性研究。通过系统和连续的程序，总共从 40 种期刊和会议论文集中选出了 75 篇文章。为了探索评论文章之间的研究趋势，我们应用了层次聚类技术。进行了荟萃分析以系统地评估以前的步行性研究的结果，以得出有关未来研究方向的结论。

结果

本综述的结果表明，最近北美的步行性研究在街道级微观分析中占主导地位，而亚洲和欧洲的其他研究则侧重于大尺度和小尺度的步行性分析。除了用于测量步行性的传统物理审计工具之外，现在还应用了先进的图像和仪器审计工具。近年来，在街道层面客观衡量的城市设计质量（例如，舒适性/便利性、美学、人行道设计等）已广泛用于确定步行性，而不是传统使用的属性（例如，道路服务水平） .

结论

本研究提出了步行性研究的未来方向以及步行性测量和数据分析的最新趋势。与前几年相比，可步行性研究最近引起了极大的关注。最近自动化和系统化的步行性数据收集趋势最终将实现大规模的详细分析，并有助于推进步行性研究。