Battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are expected to keep the battery temperature at a moderate level (∼30 °C) to minimize the thermally exacerbated degradation. However, during fast charging, a strong cooling system is required to restrict the temperature rise of Li-ion batteries (LiBs), which significantly increases the cost and weight of battery packs, and induces a large temperature variation inside the battery. In this work we find that all these drawbacks could be relieved by allowing LiBs to charge at higher temperatures. Since the fast charging of a LiB only takes a tiny fraction of its lifetime, the aging rate is limited even at a charging temperature of 60 °C. Three types of thermal environments are proposed: kept constant at 30 °C, preheated to 60 °C, and adiabatic fast charging. With an experimentally validated electrochemical-thermal (ECT) coupled model, we explore the interplay between thermal management and the fast-charging performance. It is found that a gradually increasing temperature profile is the best option to balance the lithium plating and thermal management of the battery. Combining adiabatic fast charging with a preheating step, we can achieve minimal cooling need, perfect temperature uniformity within a battery, and fast-charging capability simultaneously.

电池热管理系统（BTMS）有望将电池温度保持在中等水平（~30°C），以最大程度地减少热加剧的退化。然而，在快速充电过程中，需要强大的冷却系统来限制锂离子电池（LiBs）的温升，这会显着增加电池组的成本和重量，并导致电池内部温度变化较大。在这项工作中，我们发现所有这些缺点都可以通过允许锂离子电池在更高的温度下充电来缓解。由于 LiB 的快速充电只占用其寿命的一小部分，因此即使在 60 °C 的充电温度下，老化率也是有限的。提出了三种类型的热环境：保持恒定在 30°C、预热到 60°C 和绝热快速充电。通过实验验证的电化学-热 (ECT) 耦合模型，我们探索了热管理和快速充电性能之间的相互作用。发现逐渐升高的温度曲线是平衡电池的锂电镀和热管理的最佳选择。将绝热快速充电与预热步骤相结合，我们可以同时实现最小的冷却需求、电池内完美的温度均匀性和快速充电能力。