Superabsorbent integrated multiple functions, including absorbing water, preserving water and controlled releasing for fertilizer, which has attracted extensive attention in modern agriculture. In this study, a novel multifunctional superabsorbent of polyacrylic acid/humic acid/semicoke (PAA/HA/SC) with high water retention and favorable slow release performance was developed by incorporation of humic acid (HA) and oil shale semicoke (SC) via a simple free radical polymerization. The water retention, swelling kinetics, pH-dependent and swelling reversibility were investigated systematically. The water retention results showed that the prepared superabsorbent exhibited outstanding water-retention capacities of 824 g/g and 80 g/g in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution respectively, as 15 wt% of HA and 6 wt% of SC were introduced into the three dimensional polymeric network of PAA. The slow release behaviors in distilled water and various salt solutions indicated that the release amount of HA was relatively fast in the initial stage, and then became flat after 16 days. Besides, the soil column leaching experiment revealed that the release amount of the HA reached the maximum value of 222.14 mg/L after 9 days, and potted experiment confirmed the growth-promoting effect for plant of PAA/HA/SC. This work explored the practical application of SC in green and sustainable chemical engineering area, also provided an important reference for application of multifunctional superabsorbent in modern agriculture.

高吸水剂集吸水、保水、控释多种功能于一体，在现代农业中受到广泛关注。在这项研究中，通过将腐植酸 (HA) 和油页岩半焦 (SC) 掺入，开发了一种新型的聚丙烯酸/腐植酸/半焦 (PAA/HA/SC) 多功能超吸水剂，具有高保水性和良好的缓释性能。简单的自由基聚合。系统地研究了保水性、溶胀动力学、pH 依赖性和溶胀可逆性。保水结果表明，由于引入了 15 wt% 的 HA 和 6 wt% 的 SC，所制备的超吸水剂在蒸馏水和 0.9 wt% NaCl 溶液中表现出优异的保水能力，分别为 824 g/g 和 80 g/g进入 PAA 的三维聚合物网络。在蒸馏水和各种盐溶液中的缓释行为表明，HA的释放量在初期较快，16天后趋于平缓。此外，土柱浸出实验表明HA的释放量在9天后达到最大值222.14 mg/L，盆栽试验证实了PAA/HA/SC对植物的促生长作用。该工作探索了SC在绿色可持续化工领域的实际应用，也为多功能高吸水剂在现代农业中的应用提供了重要参考。