The genus Orthohantavirus (family Hantaviridae, order Bunyavirales) consists of numerous genetic and pathologically distinct viral species found within rodent and mammalian insectivore populations world-wide. Although reservoir hosts experience persistent asymptomatic infection, numerous rodent-borne orthohantaviruses cause severe disease when transmitted to humans, with case-fatality rates up to 40%. The first isolation of an orthohantavirus occurred in 1976 and, since then, the field has made significant progress in understanding the immune correlates of disease, viral interactions with the human innate immune response, and the immune kinetics of reservoir hosts. Much still remains elusive regarding the molecular mechanisms of orthohantavirus recognition by the innate immune response and viral antagonism within the reservoir host, however. This review provides a summary of the last 45 years of research into orthohantavirus interaction with the host innate immune response. This summary includes discussion of current knowledge involving human, non-reservoir rodent, and reservoir innate immune responses to viruses which cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome. Review of the literature concludes with a brief proposition for the development of novel tools needed to drive forward investigations into the molecular mechanisms of innate immune activation and consequences for disease outcomes in the various hosts for orthohantaviruses.

正汉坦病毒属（汉坦病毒科，布尼亚病毒目) 由在世界范围内的啮齿动物和哺乳动物食虫动物种群中发现的许多遗传和病理学上不同的病毒物种组成。尽管宿主会经历持续的无症状感染，但许多啮齿类动物传播的原汉坦病毒在传播给人类时会导致严重疾病，病死率高达 40%。1976 年首次分离出正汉坦病毒，从那时起，该领域在了解疾病的免疫相关性、病毒与人类先天免疫反应的相互作用以及宿主的免疫动力学方面取得了重大进展。然而，关于通过先天免疫反应和宿主内的病毒拮抗作用识别正汉坦病毒的分子机制，仍有许多问题尚不清楚。这篇综述总结了过去 45 年对正汉坦病毒与宿主先天免疫反应相互作用的研究。本摘要包括对涉及人类、非宿主啮齿动物和宿主对病毒的先天免疫反应的当前知识的讨论，这些病毒会导致肾综合征出血热和汉坦病毒心肺综合征。对文献的回顾总结了一个简短的建议，即开发新工具需要推动对先天免疫激活的分子机制以及正畸病毒在各种宿主中对疾病结果的影响的研究。以及对引起肾综合征出血热和汉坦病毒心肺综合征的病毒的水库先天免疫反应。对文献的回顾总结了一个简短的建议，即开发新工具需要推动对先天免疫激活的分子机制以及正畸病毒在各种宿主中对疾病结果的影响的研究。以及对引起肾综合征出血热和汉坦病毒心肺综合征的病毒的水库先天免疫反应。对文献的回顾总结了一个简短的建议，即开发新工具需要推动对先天免疫激活的分子机制以及正畸病毒在各种宿主中对疾病结果的影响的研究。