Tailoring the nanostructure/morphology and chemical composition is important to regulate the electronic configuration of electrocatalysts and thus enhance their performance for water and urea electrolysis. Herein, the nitrogen-doped carbon-decorated tricomponent metal phosphides of FeP₄ nanotube@Ni-Co-P nanocage (NC-FNCP) with unique nested hollow architectures are fabricated by a self-sacrifice template strategy. Benefiting from the multi-component synergy, the modification of nitrogen-doped carbon, and the modulation of nested porous hollow morphology, NC-FNCP facilitates rapid electron/mass transport in water and urea electrolysis. NC-FNCP-based anode shows low potentials of 248 mV and 1.37 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) to attain 10 mA/cm² for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR), respectively. In addition, the overall urea electrolysis drives 10 mA/cm² at a comparatively low voltage of 1.52 V (vs. RHE) that is 110 mV lower than that of overall water electrolysis, as well as exhibits excellent stability over 20 h. This work strategizes a multi-shell-structured electrocatalyst with multi-compositions and explores its applications in a sustainable combination of hydrogen production and sewage remediation.

调整纳米结构/形态和化学成分对于调节电催化剂的电子构型很重要，从而提高它们对水和尿素电解的性能。在此，具有独特嵌套空心结构的 FeP ₄纳米管@Ni-Co-P 纳米笼（NC-FNCP）的氮掺杂碳装饰三组分金属磷化物是通过自我牺牲模板策略制造的。受益于多组分协同作用、氮掺杂碳的改性以及嵌套多孔空心形态的调节，NC-FNCP 促进了水和尿素电解中的快速电子/质量传输。基于 NC-FNCP 的阳极显示出 248 mV 和 1.37 V（相对于可逆氢电极）的低电位，以达到 10 mA/cm ²分别用于析氧反应（OER）和尿素氧化反应（UOR）。此外，整体尿素电解在 1.52 V (vs. RHE) 的相对低电压下驱动 10 mA/cm ²，比整体水电解低 110 mV，并且在 20 小时内表现出优异的稳定性。这项工作对具有多种成分的多壳结构电催化剂进行了策略化，并探索了其在制氢和污水修复的可持续组合中的应用。