Background

Research activities aiming to investigate the genetic diversity are very crucial because they provide information for the breeding and germplasm conservation activities. Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops globally by feeding more than a third of the human population around the world.

Methods and results

During present investigation, a total of 74 Turkish bread wheat accessions (54 landraces and 20 cultivars) were used as plant material and iPBS-retrotransposons marker system was used for the molecular characterization. 13 polymorphic primers used for molecular characterization resulted a total of 152 bands. Range of calculated diversity indices like polymorphism information content (0.11–0.702), effective numbers of alleles (1.026–1.526), Shannon’s information index (0.101–0.247) and gene diversity (0.098–0.443) confirmed higher genetic variations in studied germplasm. Bread wheat landraces reflected higher genetic variations compared to commercial cultivars. Analysis of molecular variance resulted that higher (98%) genetic variations are present within populations. The model-based structure algorithm separated 74 bread wheat accessions in to two populations. Diversity indices based on structure evaluated population’s revealed population B as a more diverse population. The principal coordinate analysis and neighbor-joining analysis separated 74 bread wheat accessions according to their collection points. Genetic distance for 74 Turkish bread wheat accessions explored Bingol and Asure accessions as genetically diverse that can be used as parents for breeding activities.

Conclusions

The extensive diversity of bread wheat in Turkish germplasm might be used as genetic resource for the exhaustive wheat breeding program. For instance, accessions Bingol and Asure were found genetically diverse and can be used as parents for future breeding activities.

中文翻译：

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使用 iPBS 逆转录转座子标记破译土耳其面包小麦种质的遗传多样性和种群结构

背景

旨在调查遗传多样性的研究活动非常重要，因为它们为育种和种质保护活动提供信息。小麦是全球最重要的谷类作物之一，为全球超过三分之一的人口提供食物。

方法和结果

在本次调查中，共有 74 个土耳其面包小麦种质（54 个地方品种和 20 个栽培品种）被用作植物材料，并使用 iPBS-反转录转座子标记系统进行分子表征。用于分子表征的 13 条多态性引物共产生 152 个条带。计算的多样性指数范围如多态性信息含量（0.11-0.702）、有效等位基因数（1.026-1.526）、香农信息指数（0.101-0.247）和基因多样性（0.098-0.443）证实了研究种质中较高的遗传变异。与商业品种相比，面包小麦地方品种反映了更高的遗传变异。对分子变异的分析表明，种群中存在更高（98%）的遗传变异。基于模型的结构算法将 74 个面包小麦种质分成两个种群。基于结构的多样性指数将人口的揭示人口 B 评估为更多样化的人口。主坐标分析和邻接分析根据采集点分离了74个面包小麦种质。74 份土耳其面包小麦种质的遗传距离探索了 Binol 和 Asure 种质具有遗传多样性，可用作育种活动的亲本。

结论

土耳其种质中面包小麦的广泛多样性可用作详尽的小麦育种计划的遗传资源。例如，发现 Bingol 和 Asure 的种质具有遗传多样性，可用作未来育种活动的亲本。