Background The Alcohol Industry (AI), and the Social Aspects/Public Relations Organisations (SAPRO) it funds, has been shown to mis-represent the risk of alcohol with respect to cancer and pregnancy. It is theorized that the AI would position alcohol as ‘heart healthy’ to further undermine public perceptions of risks from drinking. Methods A comparative analysis (including content, thematic and context analyses) of cardiovascular health information published on the websites of AI-funded (n = 18, such as ‘Drinkaware’ and the ‘Distilled Spirits Council of the US’) and non-AI-funded (n = 18, such as ‘NHS.uk’) organizations based in multiple high-income jurisdictions. Results Websites of non-industry-funded health organizations were more likely than AI/SAPRO websites to label alcohol as a risk factor for a range of important cardiovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, hypertension and stroke). Conversely, AI/SAPRO websites were more likely to suggest alcohol was protective in the development of some heart conditions. AI/SAPRO websites frequently referenced the J-shaped curve as proof of benefit from moderate alcohol consumption; suggested a balance between the benefits and harms from drinking; positioned alcohol as consistent with a ‘healthy lifestyle’; and framed drinking as a social norm. Conclusions AI-funded health organizations mis-represent the evidence on cardiovascular effects of moderate alcohol consumption. Healthcare professionals should appreciate the role of funding source in biasing content, and exercise caution when directing patients to content funded by the AI. Tighter regulation of messaging that AI/SAPRO’s provide to the public is required, to avoid the dissemination of harmful misinformation.

中文翻译：

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酒业资助网站心血管健康信息的准确性和完整性分析

背景 酒精行业 (AI) 及其资助的社会方面/公共关系组织 (SAPRO) 已被证明歪曲了酒精与癌症和怀孕有关的风险。理论上，人工智能会将酒精定位为“心脏健康”，以进一步削弱公众对饮酒风险的看法。方法 对 AI 资助（n = 18，例如“Drinkaware”和“美国蒸馏酒委员会”）和非 AI 网站上发布的心血管健康信息进行比较分析（包括内容、主题和背景分析） - 位于多个高收入司法管辖区的资助（n = 18，例如“NHS.uk”）组织。结果 非工业资助的卫生组织的网站比 AI/SAPRO 网站更有可能将酒精标记为一系列重要心血管疾病（如心肌梗塞、充血性心力衰竭、高血压和中风）的危险因素。相反，AI/SAPRO 网站更有可能表明酒精对某些心脏病的发展具有保护作用。AI/SAPRO 网站经常引用 J 形曲线作为适度饮酒有益的证据；建议平衡饮酒的益处和危害；将酒精定位为与“健康生活方式”一致；并将饮酒视为一种社会规范。结论 由 AI 资助的健康组织歪曲了适度饮酒对心血管影响的证据。医疗保健专业人员应了解资金来源在偏向内容方面的作用，并在将患者引导至由 AI 资助的内容时谨慎行事。需要对 AI/SAPRO 向公众提供的信息进行更严格的监管，以避免传播有害的错误信息。