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Diversity begets diversity during community assembly until ecological limits impose a diversity ceiling
Molecular Ecology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 , DOI: 10.1111/mec.16161
Magdalena San Roman 1, 2 , Andreas Wagner 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Microbial communities are hugely diverse, but we do not yet understand how species invasions and extinctions drive and limit their diversity. On the one hand, the ecological limits hypothesis posits that diversity is primarily limited by environmental resources. On the other hand, the diversity-begets-diversity hypothesis posits that such limits can be easily lifted when new ecological niches are created by biotic interactions. To find out which hypothesis better explains the assembly of microbial communities, we used metabolic modelling. We represent each microbial species by a metabolic network that harbours thousands of biochemical reactions. Together, these reactions determine which carbon and energy sources a species can use, and which metabolic by-products—potential nutrients for other species—it can excrete in a given environment. We assemble communities by modelling thousands of species invasions in a chemostat-like environment. We find that early during the assembly process, diversity begets diversity. By-product excretion transforms a simple environment into one that can sustain dozens of species. During later assembly stages, the creation of new niches slows down, existing niches become filled, successful invasions become rare, and species diversity plateaus. Thus, ecological limitations dominate the late assembly process. We conclude that each hypothesis captures a different stage of the assembly process. Species interactions can raise a community's diversity ceiling dramatically, but only within limits imposed by the environment.

中文翻译:

多样性在社区集会期间产生多样性,直到生态限制施加多样性上限

微生物群落非常多样化,但我们还不了解物种入侵和灭绝如何驱动和限制它们的多样性。一方面,生态极限假说假设多样性主要受环境资源的限制。另一方面,多样性产生多样性假说认为,当生物相互作用创造出新的生态位时,可以很容易地解除这种限制。为了找出哪种假设能更好地解释微生物群落的组装,我们使用了代谢模型。我们通过一个包含数千种生化反应的代谢网络来代表每个微生物物种。这些反应共同决定了一个物种可以使用哪些碳和能源,以及它可以在给定环境中排泄哪些代谢副产物——其他物种的潜在营养物质。我们通过在类似恒化器的环境中模拟数千种物种入侵来组装社区。我们发现,在组装过程的早期,多样性会产生多样性。副产品排泄将一个简单的环境转变为可以维持数十种物种的环境。在后期组装阶段,新生态位的创建速度减慢,现有生态位被填满,成功入侵变得罕见,物种多样性进入高原。因此,生态限制在后期组装过程中占主导地位。我们得出结论,每个假设都反映了组装过程的不同阶段。物种相互作用可以显着提高社区的多样性上限,但仅限于环境强加的限制范围内。我们发现,在组装过程的早期,多样性会产生多样性。副产品排泄将一个简单的环境转变为可以维持数十种物种的环境。在后期组装阶段,新生态位的创建速度减慢,现有生态位被填满,成功入侵变得罕见,物种多样性进入高原。因此,生态限制在后期组装过程中占主导地位。我们得出结论,每个假设都反映了组装过程的不同阶段。物种相互作用可以显着提高社区的多样性上限,但仅限于环境强加的限制范围内。我们发现,在组装过程的早期,多样性会产生多样性。副产品排泄将一个简单的环境转变为可以维持数十种物种的环境。在后期组装阶段,新生态位的创建速度减慢,现有生态位被填满,成功入侵变得罕见,物种多样性进入高原。因此,生态限制在后期组装过程中占主导地位。我们得出结论,每个假设都反映了组装过程的不同阶段。物种相互作用可以显着提高社区的多样性上限,但仅限于环境强加的限制范围内。成功的入侵变得罕见,物种多样性进入高原。因此,生态限制在后期组装过程中占主导地位。我们得出结论,每个假设都反映了组装过程的不同阶段。物种相互作用可以显着提高社区的多样性上限,但仅限于环境强加的限制范围内。成功的入侵变得罕见,物种多样性进入高原。因此,生态限制在后期组装过程中占主导地位。我们得出结论,每个假设都反映了组装过程的不同阶段。物种相互作用可以显着提高社区的多样性上限,但仅限于环境强加的限制范围内。
更新日期:2021-09-03
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