The uptake potential of fragrance encapsulates by aquatic or terrestrial organisms was investigated. Because of their size of <5 mm and their polymeric nature, fragrance encapsulates fall under the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection definition of microplastics. After use, fragrance encapsulates enter the sewer system and reach the sewage treatment plant (STP), where >90% of them are likely to be removed by sorption to the sludge. When the STP-generated sludge is used as fertilizer for agricultural soils, this may lead to potential exposure of terrestrial invertebrates to fragrance encapsulates, especially those feeding on particles of a similar size as the fragrance encapsulates. Two aquatic (Corbicula fluminea [water exposure] and Hyalella azteca [water and dietary exposure]) and one terrestrial invertebrate (Eisenia andrei [soil exposure]) species were exposed to 50 mg/L (or mg/kg) double fluorescence-labeled fragrance encapsulates (diameter 5–50 µm). The results showed that fragrance encapsulates are available to aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates but that species-specific differences regarding the ability to ingest fragrance encapsulates may exist. The benthic grazer H. azteca showed no ingestion of fragrance encapsulates, whereas the capsules were readily ingested and egested by the unselective freshwater filter feeder C. fluminea as well as the terrestrial decomposer E. andrei. No signs of bioaccumulation of fragrance encapsulates were indicated by microscopic assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:931–943. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

中文翻译：

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水生和陆生无脊椎动物是否吸收了香精胶囊？

研究了水生或陆生生物对香精胶囊的吸收潜力。由于其小于 5 毫米的尺寸和它们的聚合性质，香精胶囊属于海洋环境保护科学方面微塑料定义的联合专家组。使用后，香精胶囊进入下水道系统并到达污水处理厂 (STP)，其中超过 90% 的香精很可能通过吸附到污泥中而被去除。当 STP 产生的污泥被用作农业土壤的肥料时，这可能导致陆生无脊椎动物潜在地暴露于香味胶囊，尤其是那些以与香味胶囊大小相似的颗粒为食的动物。两种水生（Corbicula fluminea [水暴露] 和Hyalella azteca[水和饮食暴露]）和一种陆生无脊椎动物（Eisenia andrei [土壤暴露]）物种暴露于 50 mg/L（或 mg/kg）双荧光标记的香精胶囊（直径 5–50 µm）。结果表明，芳香胶囊可用于水生和陆生无脊椎动物，但在摄取芳香胶囊的能力方面可能存在物种特异性差异。底栖食草动物H. azteca没有摄入香味胶囊，而胶囊很容易被非选择性淡水滤食者C.fluminea以及陆地分解者E. andrei摄入和吞食. 通过显微镜评估没有发现香料包囊的生物蓄积迹象。环境毒物化学2022；41：931–943。© 2021 作者。Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版的Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 。