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Distributed Connectivity Maintenance in Swarm of Drones During Post-Disaster Transportation Applications
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems ( IF 7.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 , DOI: 10.1109/tits.2021.3066843
Ahmet Kurt , Nico Saputro , Kemal Akkaya , A. Selcuk Uluagac

Considering post-disaster scenarios for intelligent traffic management and damage assessment where communication infrastructure may not be available, we advocate a swarm-of-drones mesh communication architecture that can sustain in-network connectivity among drones. The connectivity sustenance requirement stems from the fact that drones may move to various locations in response to service requests but they still need to cooperate for data collection and transmissions. To address this need, we propose a fully distributed connectivity maintenance heuristic which enables the swarm to quickly adapt its formation in response to the service requests. To select the moving drone(s) that would bring minimal overhead in terms of time and moving distance, the connected dominating set (CDS) concept from graph theory is utilized. Specifically, a variation of CDS, namely E-CDS, is introduced to address the needs of 3-D mobile swarm-of-drones. We then show that E-CDS is NP-Complete and propose a new distributed heuristic to solve it. Once the E-CDS is determined in advance, drones not part of this E-CDS set are picked for movement tasks. When the movement is to cause any disconnection with the rest of the swarm, other drones are also relocated to restore the connectivity. The proposed heuristics are implemented in ns-3 network simulator as part of the existing IEEE 802.11s mesh standard and the effectiveness is tested in terms of providing undisturbed services under different conditions. The results indicate that the proposed distributed heuristic almost matches the performance of a centralized solution and suits perfectly the needs of post-disaster traffic management.

中文翻译:

灾后运输应用中无人机群的分布式连接维护

考虑到可能无法使用通信基础设施的智能交通管理和损坏评估的灾后场景,我们提倡可以维持无人机之间的网络连接的无人机群网状通信架构。连接维持需求源于这样一个事实,即无人机可能会根据服务请求移动到不同的位置,但它们仍然需要合作进行数据收集和传输。为了满足这一需求,我们提出了一种完全分布式的连接维护启发式方法,它使群能够快速适应其形成以响应服务请求。为了选择在时间和移动距离方面带来最小开销的移动无人机,利用了图论中的连通支配集 (CDS) 概念。具体来说,引入了 CDS 的一种变体,即 E-CDS,以满足 3-D 移动无人机群的需求。然后我们证明 E-CDS 是 NP-Complete 并提出一种新的分布式启发式方法来解决它。一旦预先确定了 E-CDS,不属于该 E-CDS 集的无人机将被挑选出来执行移动任务。当移动会导致与其他群体的任何断开连接时,其他无人机也会被重新安置以恢复连接。作为现有 IEEE 802.11s 网格标准的一部分,在 ns-3 网络模拟器中实现了所提出的启发式方法,并在不同条件下提供不受干扰的服务方面测试了有效性。结果表明,所提出的分布式启发式算法几乎与集中式解决方案的性能相匹配,并且非常适合灾后交通管理的需求。引入 3-D 移动无人机群的需求。然后我们证明 E-CDS 是 NP-Complete 并提出一种新的分布式启发式方法来解决它。一旦预先确定了 E-CDS,不属于该 E-CDS 集的无人机将被挑选出来执行移动任务。当移动会导致与其他群体的任何断开连接时,其他无人机也会被重新安置以恢复连接。作为现有 IEEE 802.11s 网格标准的一部分,在 ns-3 网络模拟器中实现了所提出的启发式方法,并在不同条件下提供不受干扰的服务方面测试了有效性。结果表明,所提出的分布式启发式算法几乎与集中式解决方案的性能相匹配,并且非常适合灾后交通管理的需求。引入 3-D 移动无人机群的需求。然后我们证明 E-CDS 是 NP-Complete 并提出一种新的分布式启发式方法来解决它。一旦预先确定了 E-CDS,不属于该 E-CDS 集的无人机将被挑选出来执行移动任务。当移动会导致与其他群体的任何断开连接时,其他无人机也会被重新安置以恢复连接。作为现有 IEEE 802.11s 网格标准的一部分,在 ns-3 网络模拟器中实现了所提出的启发式方法,并在不同条件下提供不受干扰的服务方面测试了有效性。结果表明,所提出的分布式启发式算法几乎与集中式解决方案的性能相匹配,并且非常适合灾后交通管理的需求。
更新日期:2021-03-24
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