This letter reports a 2-D scalable coupled harmonic oscillator array achieving coherent spatial power combining at about 500 GHz. This design is implemented using on-chip microstrip lines and microstrip antennas by which the lossy silicon substrate is shielded and, therefore, front side radiation could be obtained. Compared with previously reported scalable array designs, this work not only achieves maximum oscillation at the fundamental frequency, but also decouples the design of oscillator core, radiation element, and coupling structure. Therefore, different parts could be separately optimized to achieve maximum radiated second harmonic power and more design diversity is possible for the antenna part. To demonstrate the design concept, a 2×2 coupled oscillator array is designed and fabricated using 65-nm CMOS process, which achieves a maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 2.6 dBm and radiated power of 162.2 μW (-7.9 dBm) at 482 GHz. It consumes 154-mW dc power and the dc-to-terahertz (THz) efficiency is 0.11%. This design achieves a 6.8% tuning range from 469 to 502 GHz by changing the bias voltages.

中文翻译：

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482GHz 二维可扩展宽带辐射器阵列


这封信报道了一种二维可扩展耦合谐振子阵列，可在约 500 GHz 下实现相干空间功率组合。该设计是使用片上微带线和微带天线来实现的，通过微带天线屏蔽有损耗的硅基板，因此可以获得正面辐射。与之前报道的可扩展阵列设计相比，这项工作不仅在基频上实现了最大振荡，而且解耦了振荡器核心、辐射元件和耦合结构的设计。因此，可以分别优化不同的部件以实现最大辐射二次谐波功率，并且天线部件可以有更多的设计多样性。为了演示该设计概念，采用 65 nm CMOS 工艺设计并制造了 2×2 耦合振荡器阵列，该阵列的最大有效各向同性辐射功率 (EIRP) 为 2.6 dBm，在 162.2 μW (-7.9 dBm) 时的辐射功率为482GHz。它消耗 154mW 直流功率，直流至太赫兹 (THz) 效率为 0.11%。该设计通过改变偏置电压实现了 469 至 502 GHz 6.8% 的调谐范围。