At present, most of the economic, commercial, cultural, social and governmental activities and interactions of countries, at all levels, including individuals, non-governmental organizations and government and governmental institutions, are carried out in cyberspace. Recently, many private companies and government organizations around the world are facing the problem of cyber-attacks and the danger of wireless communication technologies. Today’s world is highly dependent on electronic technology, and protecting this data from cyber-attacks is a challenging issue. The purpose of cyber-attacks is to harm companies financially. In some other cases, cyber-attacks can have military or political purposes. Some of these damages are: PC viruses, knowledge breaks, data distribution service (DDS) and other assault vectors. To this end, various organizations use various solutions to prevent damage caused by cyber-attacks. Cyber security follows real-time information on the latest IT data. So far, various methods had been proposed by researchers around the world to prevent cyber-attacks or reduce the damage caused by them. Some of the methods are in the operational phase and others are in the study phase. The aim of this study is to survey and comprehensively review the standard advances presented in the field of cyber security and to investigate the challenges, weaknesses and strengths of the proposed methods. Different types of new descendant attacks are considered in details. Standard security frameworks are discussed with the history and early-generation cyber-security methods. In addition, emerging trends and recent developments of cyber security and security threats and challenges are presented. It is expected that the comprehensive review study presented for IT and cyber security researchers will be useful.

中文翻译：

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对网络攻击和网络安全的全面回顾研究；新兴趋势和最新发展

当前，国家各个层面，包括个人、非政府组织、政府与政府机构的大部分经济、商业、文化、社会和政府活动及互动都是在网络空间进行的。最近，世界各地许多私营公司和政府组织都面临着网络攻击问题和无线通信技术的危险。当今世界高度依赖电子技术，保护这些数据免受网络攻击是一个具有挑战性的问题。网络攻击的目的是给公司造成经济损失。在其他一些情况下，网络攻击可能具有军事或政治目的。其中一些损害包括：电脑病毒、知识破坏、数据分发服务 (DDS) 和其他攻击媒介。为此，各个组织使用各种解决方案来防止网络攻击造成的损害。网络安全遵循最新 IT 数据的实时信息。到目前为止，世界各地的研究人员已经提出了各种方法来防止网络攻击或减少网络攻击造成的损害。其中一些方法处于操作阶段，另一些方法处于研究阶段。本研究的目的是调查和全面回顾网络安全领域的标准进展，并研究所提出方法的挑战、弱点和优势。详细考虑了不同类型的新后代攻击。我们讨论了标准安全框架的历史和早期网络安全方法。此外，还介绍了网络安全的新兴趋势和最新发展以及安全威胁和挑战。预计为 IT 和网络安全研究人员提供的全面审查研究将会有所帮助。