Nanomedicine and graphene-based materials: advanced technologies for potential treatments of diseases in the developing nervous system,Pediatric Research

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Nanomedicine and graphene-based materials: advanced technologies for potential treatments of diseases in the developing nervous system
Pediatric Research ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-03 , DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01681-6
Giada Cellot ₁ , Audrey Franceschi Biagioni ₁ , Laura Ballerini ₁

Affiliation

Abstract

The interest in graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) application in nanomedicine, in particular in neurology, steadily increased in the last decades. GBNs peculiar physical–chemical properties allow the design of innovative therapeutic tools able to manipulate biological structures with subcellular resolution. In this review, we report GBNs applications to the central nervous system (CNS) when these nanomaterials are engineered as potential therapeutics to treat brain pathologies, with a focus on those of the pediatric age. We revise the state-of-the art studies addressing the impact of GBNs in the CNS, showing that the design of GBNs with different dimensions and chemical compositions or the use of specific administration routes and doses can limit unwanted side effects, exploiting GBNs efficacy in therapeutic approaches. These features favor the development of GBNs-based multifunctional devices that may find applications in the field of precision medicine for the treatment of disorders in the developing CNS. In this framework, we address the suitability of GBNs to become successful therapeutic tools, such as drug nano-delivery vectors when being chemically decorated with pharmaceutical agents and/or other molecules to obtain a high specific targeting of the diseased area and to achieve a controlled release of active molecules.

Impact

The translational potential of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) can be used for the design of novel therapeutic approaches to treat pathologies affecting the brain with a focus on the pediatric age.
GBNs can be chemically decorated with pharmaceutical agents and molecules to obtain a highly specific targeting of the diseased site and a controlled drug release.
The type of GBNs, the selected functionalization, the dose, and the way of administration are factors that should be considered to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of GBNs, limiting possible side effects.
GBNs-based multifunctional devices might find applications in the precision medicine and theranostics fields.

中文翻译：

纳米医学和石墨烯基材料：潜在治疗发育中神经系统疾病的先进技术

摘要

在过去的几十年中，对石墨烯基纳米材料 (GBN) 在纳米医学，特别是神经病学中的应用的兴趣稳步增长。GBN 独特的物理化学特性允许设计能够以亚细胞分辨率操纵生物结构的创新治疗工具。在这篇综述中，我们报告了 GBN 在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的应用，这些纳米材料被设计为治疗脑部疾病的潜在疗法，重点是儿科患者。我们修订了解决 GBN 在 CNS 中影响的最新研究，表明设计具有不同尺寸和化学成分的 GBN 或使用特定的给药途径和剂量可以限制不需要的副作用，利用 GBN 在中枢神经系统中的功效治疗方法。这些特性有利于开发基于 GBN 的多功能设备，这些设备可能会在精准医学领域找到应用，以治疗发展中的 CNS 疾病。在这个框架中，我们解决了 GBN 成为成功治疗工具的适用性，例如药物纳米递送载体在用药剂和/或其他分子进行化学修饰以获得对患病区域的高度特异性靶向并实现受控释放活性分子。