ABSTRACT

Clitocybe mushrooms have long been recognized for their various therapeutic potential and medicinal properties. A few members of the genus are considered edible and many others are poisonous. This study investigated the ethanolic extracts obtained from C. nebularis (CN) and I. geotropa (IG) mushrooms for phenolic content and antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities. The data from ultra-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the mushrooms were presented for the first time. According to the results, both ethanolic extracts contain high levels of phenolic (catechin, myricetin, quercetin, rutin, gallic acid, vanillic acid) compounds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results may suggest the presence of clitopycin in CN extract. The ethanol extract of CN scavenged about 79% and the IG 78% of the free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals. Additionally, the CN and IG extracts inhibited glutathione-S-transferase by 10%–18% at all concentrations. The CN extract effectively inhibited aldose reductase by 30%–80% at all concentrations. Besides, the CN extract showed promising antiproliferative activity on HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines. On the other hand, CN and IG extracts displayed inhibitory effects on some multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and effectively inhibited biofilm production. The obtained results showed that C. nebularis and I. geotropa extracts presented inhibition of biofilm production. Therefore, C. nebularis was demonstrated to be a potential source of natural medicine.

摘要

长期以来，Clitocybe蘑菇因其各种治疗潜力和药用特性而得到认可。该属的一些成员被认为是可食用的，而许多其他成员是有毒的。本研究调查了从C. nebularis (CN) 和I. geotropa获得的乙醇提取物(IG) 蘑菇的酚类含量和抗氧化、抗增殖、抗菌和抗生物膜活性。首次展示了蘑菇的超高效液相色谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析数据。根据结果​​，两种乙醇提取物都含有高水平的酚类（儿茶素、杨梅素、槲皮素、芦丁、没食子酸、香草酸）化合物。傅里叶变换红外光谱结果可能表明 CN 提取物中存在 clitopycin。CN 的乙醇提取物清除了约 79% 的游离 2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼自由基，IG 清除了 78% 的自由基。此外，CN 和 IG 提取物抑制谷胱甘肽-S- 在所有浓度下，转移酶降低 10%–18%。CN 提取物在所有浓度下都能有效抑制醛糖还原酶 30%–80%。此外，CN 提取物对 HT-29 和 MCF-7 细胞系显示出良好的抗增殖活性。另一方面，CN 和 IG 提取物对一些多重耐药革兰氏阳性菌具有抑制作用，并有效抑制生物膜的产生。获得的结果表明，C. nebularis和I. geotropa提取物对生物膜的产生具有抑制作用。因此，C. nebularis被证明是一种潜在的天然药物来源。