The genus Diplazium (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild vegetable in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan communities. According to the literature analysis, D. esculentum was traditionally used for the prevention or treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, smallpox, asthma, diarrhea, rheumatism, dysentery, headache, fever, wounds, pain, measles, hypertension, constipation, oligospermia, bone fracture, and glandular swellings. Various extracts of D. esculentum were evaluated to elucidate their phytochemical and pharmacological activities. A wide array of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, CNS stimulant, and antianaphylactic activities have been recognized in different parts of D. esculentum. The review covers a systematic examination of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of D. esculentum, but scientifically, it is not fully assessed regarding complete therapeutic effects, toxicity, and safety in the human body. The published literature on D. esculentum and its therapeutic properties were collected from different search engines including Wiley online, PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ACS publications by using specific terms such as “Diplazium esculentum, bioactive compounds, biological activities and health benefits” from 1984 to 2021 (March). Therefore, further studies are required to identify the detailed action mechanism of D. esculentum in vitro/in vivo, and also, more studies should focus on conservation, cultivation, and sustainable utilization of the species.

中文翻译：

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Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.：喜马拉雅蕨类植物的民族药学、植物化学和药理学概述

Diplazium属（科：Athyriaceae）包括大约 350 种蕨类植物。Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. 是该属的重要成员，在喜马拉雅和亚喜马拉雅群落中俗称野菜。据文献分析，传统上用于防治糖尿病、天花、哮喘、腹泻、风湿、痢疾、头痛、发热、创伤、疼痛、麻疹、高血压、便秘、少精症、骨折和腺体肿胀。D. esculentum的各种提取物进行了评估以阐明它们的植物化学和药理活性。已在D. esculentum的不同部位发现了广泛的药理特性，例如抗氧化、抗菌、抗糖尿病、免疫调节、CNS 兴奋剂和抗过敏活性。该评价涵盖了对D. esculentum的生药学、植物化学和药理学应用的系统检查，但从科学上讲，并未对完整的治疗效果、毒性和人体安全性进行全面评估。已发表的关于D. esculentum的文献其治疗特性是从不同的搜索引擎收集的，包括 Wiley online、PubMed、Springer Link、Scopus、Science Direct、Web of Science、Google Scholar 和 ACS 出版物，使用特定术语，例如“ Diplazium esculentum、生物活性化合物、生物活性和1984 年至 2021 年（3 月）的健康福利”。因此，需要进一步研究以确定D. esculentum 体外/体内的详细作用机制，并且更多的研究应集中在该物种的保护、栽培和可持续利用上。