In this study, core–shell heterostructures of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) were fabricated via a stepwise ligand-grafting method. The UCNP “core” can effectively upconvert near-infrared (NIR) irradiation into visible ranges, which can further excite the HOF “shell” to achieve near-infrared-responsive photothermal and photodynamic bacterial inhibition.

中文翻译：

---

在氢键有机框架中构建功能导向的核壳纳米结构以抑制近红外响应细菌

在这项研究中，上转换纳米粒子 (UCNPs) 和氢键有机骨架 (HOFs) 的核壳异质结构是通过逐步配体接枝的方法制造的。UCNP“核心”可以有效地将近红外（NIR）辐射上转换为可见光范围，进一步激发HOF“壳”以实现近红外响应的光热和光动力细菌抑制。