Macroporous tantalum (Ta) coating was produced on titanium alloy implant for bone repair by cold spray (CS) technology, which is a promising technology for oxygen sensitive materials. The surface characteristics as well as in vitro cytocompatibility were systematically evaluated. The results showed that a rough and macroporous CS-Ta coating was formed on the Ti6Al4V (TC4) alloy surfaces. The surface roughness showed a significant enhancement from 17.06 μm (CS-Ta-S), 27.48 μm (CS-Ta-M) to 39.21 μm (CS-Ta-L) with the increase of the average pore diameter of CS-Ta coatings from 138.25 μm, 198.25 μm to 355.56 μm. In vitro results showed that macroporous CS-Ta structure with tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) was more favorable to induce human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) spreading, migration and osteodifferentiation than TC4. Compared with the micro-scaled structure outside the macropores, the surface micro-nano structure inside the macropores was more favorable to promote osteodifferentiation with enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. In particular, CS-Ta-L with the largest pore size showed significantly enhanced integrin-α5 expression, cell migration, ALP activity, ECM mineralization as well as osteogenic-related genes including ALP, osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) expression. Our results indicated that macroporous Ta coatings by CS, especially CS-Ta-L, may be promising for hard tissue repairs.

采用冷喷涂（CS）技术在钛合金种植体上制备大孔钽（Ta）涂层用于骨修复，是一种很有前景的氧敏感材料技术。系统地评估了表面特征以及体外细胞相容性。结果表明,Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金表面形成了粗糙的大孔CS-Ta涂层。随着CS-Ta涂层平均孔径的增加，表面粗糙度从17.06 μm（CS-Ta-S）、27.48 μm（CS-Ta-M）显着提高到39.21 μm（CS-Ta-L）从 138.25 μm、198.25 μm 到 355.56 μm。体外结果表明，大孔CS-Ta结构与五氧化_二钽(Ta ₂ O ₅) 比 TC4 更有利于诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞 (HBMSCs) 扩散、迁移和骨分化。与大孔外的微尺度结构相比，大孔内的表面微纳米结构更有利于促进骨分化，增强碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和细胞外基质（ECM）矿化。特别是，孔径最大的 CS-Ta-L 显示出显着增强的整合素-α5 表达、细胞迁移、ALP 活性、ECM 矿化以及成骨相关基因，包括 ALP、骨桥蛋白 (OPN) 和骨钙素 (OCN) 的表达。我们的结果表明，CS 的大孔 Ta 涂层，尤其是 CS-Ta-L，可能有望用于硬组织修复。